Assessing the Effectiveness of Voice Therapy Techniques in Treating Dysphonia: An Otolaryngological Review.

Dysphonia is a prevalent condition that can impact individuals across all age groups. It occurs when normal voice quality is altered, caused by structural and/or functional issues. Evaluation and assessment from clinicians are warranted if dysphonia persists for more than four weeks and/or is coupled with risk factors or other concerning clinical manifestations.

Non-hemorrhagic cerebellar contrast enhancement on intraoperative MRI during a supratentorial glioma resection: Concerning finding of no significance.

Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) is a powerful tool used to verify maximal safe resection of gliomas. However, unsuspected new or incidental findings can present difficult clinical scenarios. Here we present a case of a large supratentorial glioma resection where new, incidental bilateral cerebellar hemispheric enhancement was noted on iMRI.

Preoperative embolization and microsurgical resection of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma: embolization goals and technical nuances of the approaches. Illustrative case.

Background: Resection remains the optimal treatment for hemangioblastomas, highly vascular tumors commonly located in the cerebellum or spinal cord. Preoperative embolization can be used with caution to reduce intraoperative blood loss and promote gross-total resection while reducing neurological morbidity.

Observations: The authors report a case of a 44-year-old male who presented with worsening dizziness, gait imbalance, and diplopia.

Multi-model deep learning approach for segmentation of teeth and periapical lesions on pantomographs.

Introduction: The fields of medicine and dentistry are beginning to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostics. This may reduce subjectivity and improve the accuracy of diagnoses and treatment planning. Current evidence on pathosis detection on pantomographs (PGs) indicates the presence or absence of disease in the entire radiographic image, with little evidence of the relation of periapical pathosis to the causative tooth.

Management of a recurrent spinal arachnoid cyst presenting as arachnoiditis in the setting of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage: illustrative case.

Background: Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare pathological entity with a variety of presentations depending on the underlying etiology, which often remains cryptogenic. The literature is sparse regarding the most efficacious treatment or management option, and there is no consensus on follow-up time or modalities. Additionally, there are very few reports that include operative videos, which is provided herein.

Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Options for Pediatric Cases of Grisel's Syndrome Post Otolaryngology Procedure: A Systematic Review.

Grisel's syndrome is an uncommon cervical spine condition marked by non-traumatic rotational subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint. This systematic review aims to collect potential evidence from relevant studies that reported symptoms, diagnostic methods, and management options among pediatric cases of Grisel's syndrome post otolaryngology procedures, which can aid and guide the diagnosis and management in clinical practice. We conducted both electronic and manual search strategies within the potential databases and included case reports, case series, and articles; however, review papers and correspondence papers were excluded.

Development and feasibility testing of an artificially intelligent chatbot to answer immunization-related queries of caregivers in Pakistan: A mixed-methods study.

Background: Gaps in information access impede immunization uptake, especially in low-resource settings where cutting-edge and innovative digital interventions are limited given the digital inequity. Our objective was to develop an Artificially Intelligent (AI) chatbot to respond to caregiver's immunization-related queries in Pakistan and investigate its feasibility and acceptability in a low-resource, low-literacy setting.

Methods: We developed Bablibot (Babybot), a local language immunization chatbot, using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies with Human in the Loop feature.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography in Spinal Cord Injury.

Traumatic injuries of the spine are associated with long-term morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management of mechanical instability and spinal cord injury are important to prevent further neurologic deterioration. Spine surgeons require an understanding of the essential imaging techniques concerning the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of spinal cord injury.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from agricultural wastes and their ability to remove chlorpyrifos from water.

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide linked to neurological dysfunctions, endocrine disturbance, cardiovascular illness, genotoxicity, histopathological abnormalities, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon from agricultural waste to adsorb and remove chlorpyrifos from aqueous solutions, as well as to study the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared activated carbon.Activated carbon was prepared from agricultural waste (banana peels, orange peels, pomegranate peels and date stones).

Complications and Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients: A Comparative study.

Background COVID-19 has rapidly spread across the world at an unprecedented rate. The outbreak of COVID-19 infection has led to a significant health burden on infected patients, especially those with existing comorbidities. The aim of this study is to find the most prevalent symptoms, comorbidities, and complications developed during the course of the disease and outline the most prevalent symptoms among the baseline and clinical characteristics of the patients.

Advanced deep learning approaches to predict supply chain risks under COVID-19 restrictions.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented predicament for global supply chains (SCs). Shipments of essential and life-saving products, ranging from pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and healthcare, to manufacturing, have been significantly impacted or delayed, making the global SCs vulnerable. A better understanding of the shipment risks can substantially reduce that nervousness.

Temporary standalone percutaneous fixation with pedicle screws for the treatment of subacute tuberculous osteomyelitis with kyphotic deformity in the lumbar spine.

Background: Tuberculous (TB) osteomyelitis is a rare, but challenging infection, that mandates antituberculosis antibiotics, and potentially surgical intervention. Per the Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi (GATA) classification system, corrective reconstruction is indicated in severe cases, where the kyphotic deformity is >20° (GATA Class III). Here, we describe a case of BCG vaccine-induced lumbar TB osteomyelitis at the L1-2 level in a patient presenting with mechanical pain and a focal, nonfixed kyphotic deformity of 36.

Clinical characteristics and Co-morbidities among patients admitted with COVID-19.

Background: During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several characteristics of COVID-19 patients, based on demographics, clinical symptoms, and the presence of comorbidities, were found to be associated with the complications developed. COVID-19 symptoms vary greatly and are more prominent with comorbid diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study to find the clinical characteristics and its association with different comorbidities.

Total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of agricultural wastes, and their ability to remove some pesticide residues.

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) cause great risk to human health as they are used globally. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of agricultural waste, as well as to control the pesticide residues (diazinon, and parathion) at a laboratory scale level using dried-milled fruit wastes. The pesticide residues parathion and diazinon were used at concentrations of 0.

PREVALENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES AGAINST HYPERTENSION AMONG POLICE OFFICERS IN IBADAN.

Background: Hypertension is a major global health problem. Armed forces personnel are at increased risk of hypertension due to the nature of their occupation as early responders. There is dearth of data on knowledge and prevalence of hypertension among police officers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Concurrent adult pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence survey using digital radiography and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and child interferon-gamma release assay infection survey in Karachi, Pakistan: a study protocol.

Assessment of the effectiveness of tuberculosis control strategies requires the periodic measurement of transmission in populations, which is notoriously difficult. One well-established method is to measure the prevalence of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis in the population which is then repeated at a second time point after a period of 'intervention', such as scale up of the Search-Treat-Prevent strategy of the Zero TB Cities initiative, allowing for a 'before and after' comparison.  The concurrent adult pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence survey (using digital radiography and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra) and child infection survey (using QuantiFERON-TB® Gold Plus) will primarily provide a baseline measure of the burden of adult infectious tuberculosis in Karachi and assess whether a large-scale interferon gamma release assay survey in children aged 2 to 4 years is feasible.

Effect of Bandage Contact Lens Exchange on Pain and Healing After Photorefractive Keratectomy-A Randomized Control Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the corneal re-epithelialization and patient-perceived pain after bandage contact lens (BCL) exchange on day one, after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial, of all patients who underwent bilateral transepithelial-PRK (trans-PRK) or bilateral alcohol debridement and PRK (A-PRK), between March and October 2019. One eye of each patient was randomly assigned to BCL exchange on the first postoperative day (exchange group) and the BCL was not exchanged in the fellow eye (control group).

Complex Microsurgical Reconstruction After Tumor Resection in the Trunk and Extremities.

Reconstruction of soft tissue defects following tumor ablation procedures in the trunk and extremities can challenge the microsurgeon. The goal is not just to provide adequate soft tissue coverage but also to restore form and function and minimize donor site morbidity. Although the principles of the reconstructive ladder still apply in the trunk and extremities, free tissue transfer is used in many cases to optimally restore form and function.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Residents.

Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Saudi Arabia are not often reported in the literature. This study aimed to identify musculoskeletal symptoms among otorhinolaryngology residents in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in May 2018 and included residents registered in the Saudi Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Board Training programme, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.