Second-generation biorefineries: single platform for the conversion of lignocellulosic wastes to environmentally important biofuels.

The continuously increasing demands for various fossil fuels to achieve the day-to-day needs of the human population are growing and causing adverse effects on the environment and leading to the depletion of their natural resources. To overcome such drastic problems and minimize the production of greenhouse gases, lignocellulose biomass, which is an abundant and bio-renewable source present on earth with excellent properties and composition, has been used for decades to develop biofuels that can easily take over the place of conventional fuels. Lignocellulose biomass comprises polymeric sugars, i.

Ethnic differences in the effects of lifestyle interventions on adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Lifestyle interventions are widely used among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to assess the ethnic disparities in the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia among women with GDM.

Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 2000, up to March 31, 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of lifestyle interventions in GDM patients.

Association between Dietary Pattern, Weight Loss, and Diabetes among Adults with a History of Bariatric Surgery: Results from the Qatar Biobank Study.

We aimed to examine the association between weight loss, dietary patterns, diabetes, and glycemic control among Qatari adults with a history of bariatric surgery (BS). Data from 1893 adults from the Qatar Biobank study were analyzed. Diabetes was defined by blood glucose, HbA1c, and medical history, with poor glycemic control defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.

Water dissociation and COOH formation on Fe modified Cu(100) surface: A density functional theory study.

Water splitting has emerged as a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production. In this research paper, adsorption and dissociation of HO accompanied with dissociated constituents reactions with CO and CO have been investigated on Fe modified Cu(100) surface employing density functional theory (DFT) at GGA-PW91 level. The adsorption and other reactions carried out on Fe2-Cu(100) surfaces gave very promising results.

Photoactivated Anticancer Activity of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Naturally Occurring Flavonoids Chrysin and Silibinin.

Photoactive metal complexes of bioessential transition metal ions with natural chelators are gaining interest as photocytotoxic agents for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). We report six new cobalt(III) complexes with a mixed-ligand formulation [Co(B)(L)](ClO) (Co1-Co6), where B represents a N,N-donor α-diimine ligand, namely, phenanthroline (phen; Co1, Co2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq; Co3, Co4), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz; Co5, Co6), and L is the monoanionic form of the naturally occurring flavonoids chrysin (chry; Co1, Co3, Co5) and silibinin (sili; Co2, Co4, Co6). Complexes displayed a d-d absorption band within 500-700 nm and exhibited excellent dark and photostability in solution.

Analyzing invariants and employing successive reductions for the extended Kadomtsev Petviashvili equation in (3+1) dimensions.

In this research, we employ the potent technique of Lie group analysis to derive analytical solutions for the (3+1)-extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (3D-EKP) equation. The systematic application of this method enables the identification of Lie point symmetries associated with the equation, leading to the derivation of an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras relevant to the equation. This optimal system is utilized to obtain several invariant solutions.

Exact solutions for the Cahn-Hilliard equation in terms of Weierstrass-elliptic and Jacobi-elliptic functions.

Despite the historical position of the F-expansion method as a method for acquiring exact solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), this study highlights its superiority over alternative auxiliary equation methods. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated through its application to solve the convective-diffusive Cahn-Hilliard (cdCH) equation, describing the dynamic of the separation phase for ternary iron alloys (Fe-Cr-Mo) and (Fe-X-Cu). Significantly, this research introduces an extensive collection of exact solutions by the auxiliary equation, comprising fifty-two distinct types.

Dynamics of invariant solutions of the DNA model using Lie symmetry approach.

The utilization of the Lie group method serves to encapsulate a diverse array of wave structures. This method, established as a robust and reliable mathematical technique, is instrumental in deriving precise solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) across a spectrum of domains. Its applications span various scientific disciplines, including mathematical physics, nonlinear dynamics, oceanography, engineering sciences, and several others.

A review of nanotechnology in enzyme cascade to address challenges in pre-treating biomass.

Nanotechnology has become a revolutionary technique for improving the preliminary treatment of lignocellulosic biomass in the production of biofuels. Traditional methods of pre-treatment have encountered difficulties in effectively degrading the intricate lignocellulosic composition, thereby impeding the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of enzyme cascade processes that present a potential solution for addressing the limitations.

International Diabetes Federation Position Statement on the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose for the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes.

Many individuals with intermediate hyperglycaemia (IH), including impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as presently defined, will progress to type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is confirmatory evidence that T2D can be prevented by lifestyle modification and/or medications, in people with IGT diagnosed by 2-h plasma glucose (PG) during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Over the last 40 years, a wealth of epidemiological data has confirmed the superior value of 1-h plasma glucose (PG) over fasting PG (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA) and 2-h PG in populations of different ethnicity, sex and age in predicting diabetes and associated complications including death.

Impact of COVID-19 on risks and deaths of non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region.

Countries and areas in the Western Pacific region (WPR) experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and took various preventive measures, which affected non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risks and mortality. Due to differences in COVID-19 prevention measures and other characteristics such as culture, religions, political systems, socioeconomic development, lifestyles, and health care systems, the effects of COVID-19 on NCDs varied greatly among WPR countries. Most countries had an increased all-cause and NCDs mortality during the pandemic, but some developed countries, including New Zealand, Singapore and Australia reported decreased mortality.

Synthesis, characterization, and cancer cell-selective cytotoxicity of mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of 8-hydroxyquinolines and phenanthroline bases.

Transition metal complexes exhibiting selective toxicity towards a broad range of cancer types are highly desirable as potential anticancer agents. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies of six new mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of general formula [Co(B)(L)](ClO) (1-6), where B is a N,N-donor phenanthroline base, namely, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1, 2), dipyrido[3,2-:2',3'-]quinoxaline (dpq in 3, 4), and dipyrido[3,2-:2',3'-]phenazine (dppz in 5, 6), and L is the monoanion of 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ in 1, 3, 5) and 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (CQ in 2, 4, 6). The X-ray single crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 as PF salts revealed a distorted octahedral CoNO coordination environment.

A dipyridophenazine Ni(II) dithiolene complex as a dual-acting cancer phototherapy agent activatable within the phototherapeutic window.

A combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) within the phototherapeutic window (600-900 nm) can lead to significantly enhanced therapeutic outcomes, surpassing the efficacy observed with PDT or PTT alone in cancer phototherapy. Herein, we report a novel small-molecule mixed-ligand Ni(II)-dithiolene complex (Ni-TDD) with a dipyridophenazine ligand, demonstrating potent red-light PDT and significant near-infrared (NIR) light mild-temperature PTT activity against cancer cells and 3D multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTSs). The four-coordinate square planar complex exhibited a moderately intense absorption band (ε ∼ 3700 Mcm) centered around 900 nm and demonstrated excellent dark and photostability in an aqueous phase.

Current status of metabolic engineering of microorganisms for bioethanol production by effective utilization of pentose sugars of lignocellulosic biomass.

Lignocellulosic biomass, consisting of homo- and heteropolymeric sugars, acts as a substrate for the generation of valuable biochemicals and biomaterials. The readily available hexoses are easily utilized by microbes due to the presence of transporters and native metabolic pathways. But, utilization of pentose sugar viz.

Effect of lifestyle intervention on HbA1c levels in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes across ethnicities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aims: Weight reduction is fundamental for the management and remission of diabetes. We aimed to assess ethnic differences in the effects of lifestyle weight-loss interventions on HbA1c levels in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science online databases up to 31 Dec 2022.

A computational study of adsorption of HS and SO on the activated carbon surfaces.

An effort has been made to explore the adsorption potential of activated carbon (AC) structures for adsorption of hydrogen sulfide (HS) and sulfur dioxide (SO) employing density functional theory (DFT) at GGA level. 2-ring, 3-ring, 6-ring, and 9-ring carbon structures are used as adsorbent surfaces. The above mentioned rings are examined by creation of defect and inclusion of hydrogen as well to get the clear view close to experimental observations of adsorption properties of activated carbon.

Optimal Icosahedral Copper-Based Bimetallic Clusters for the Selective Electrocatalytic CO Conversion to One Carbon Products.

Electrochemical CO reduction reactions can lead to high value-added chemical and materials production while helping decrease anthropogenic CO emissions. Copper metal clusters can reduce CO to more than thirty different hydrocarbons and oxygenates yet they lack the required selectivity. We present a computational characterization of the role of nano-structuring and alloying in Cu-based catalysts on the activity and selectivity of CO reduction to generate the following one-carbon products: carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), formaldehyde (HC=O), methanol (CHOH) and methane (CH).

Identifying the evidence of speech emotional dialects using artificial intelligence: A cross-cultural study.

The advancement in technology especially in the field of artificial intelligence has opened up novel and robust ways to reanalyze the many aspects of human emotional behavior. One of such behavioral studies is the cultural impact on the expression and perception of human emotions. In-group advantage makes it easy for the people of the same cultural group to perceive each other's emotions accurately.