Computational analysis of the deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in TYR gene impacting human tyrosinase protein and the protein stability.

Tyrosinase, a copper-containing oxidase, plays a vital role in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in the tyrosinase gene can disrupt the hydroxylation of tyrosine, leading to decreased production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Consequently, this impairs the subsequent formation of dopaquinone, a key precursor in melanin pigment synthesis.

Surface engineered mesoporous silica carriers for the controlled delivery of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil: Computational approach for the drug-carrier interactions using density functional theory.

Drug delivery systems are the topmost priority to increase drug safety and efficacy. In this study, hybrid porous silicates SBA-15 and its derivatives SBA@N and SBA@3N were synthesized and loaded with an anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil. The drug release was studied in a simulated physiological environment.

Long-Term Impact of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Micronutrient Status, Hemoglobin Level, and Growth in Children 24 to 59 Months of Age: A Non-Randomized Community-Based Trial from Pakistan.

Cost-effective interventions are needed to address undernutrition, particularly micronutrient deficiencies, which are common in children under the age of five in low- and middle-income countries. A community-based, non-randomized clinical trial was undertaken in the Kurram district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from January 2018 to June 2019, to evaluate the effect of locally produced micronutrient powder (local name: Vita-Mixe) on plasma micronutrient status, hemoglobin level, and anthropometric outcomes. Children aged 24-48 months old were recruited and allocated to the intervention and control arm of the study.

Heparin-Loaded Alginate Hydrogels: Characterization and Molecular Mechanisms of Their Angiogenic and Anti-Microbial Potential.

Chronic wounds continue to be a global concern that demands substantial resources from the healthcare system. The process of cutaneous wound healing is complex, involving inflammation, blood clotting, angiogenesis, migration and remodeling. In the present study, commercially available alginate wound dressings were loaded with heparin.

Investigation of Klotho G395A and C1818T Polymorphisms and Their Association with Serum Glucose Level and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: The objective was to study the association of Klotho gene G395A and C1818T single nucleotide polymorphisms with glycemia, serum, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Pashtun population of Pakistan. Methods: In this study, 195 normal individuals and 217 T2DM patients were enrolled. All subjects were divided into three groups, namely overall subjects (control + T2DM patients), control individuals and T2DM patients, and their fasting glucose, HbA1c level, lipid profile and C1818T and G395A polymorphisms were determined.

A potential herbal therapeutic for trichinellosis.

Background: Trichinellosis is a helminthic disease caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat of infected animals. Current estimates indicate that 11 million humans have trichinellosis, worldwide. The effective use of anti-trichinella medications is limited by side effects and resistance which highlight the critical need for safe and effective drugs, particularly those derived from medicinal plants.

Ginger Is a Potential Therapeutic for Chronic Toxoplasmosis.

() is an opportunistic parasite that causes serious diseases in humans, particularly immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. To date, there are limited numbers of therapeutics for chronic toxoplasmosis which necessitate the discovery of effective and safe therapeutics. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antitoxoplasmosis potential of ginger extract in mice with experimentally induced chronic toxoplasmosis.

Venom of the desert black snake enhances anti-tumor immunity via its beneficial modulatory effects on pro- and anti-tumorigenic inflammatory mediators in cultured colon cancer cells.

The role of inflammation in colon cancer is understood as a well-accepted factor that has the tendency to release multiple pro- and anti-tumorigenic inflammatory mediators. Inflammation-induced increased expression of anti-tumorigenic inflammatory mediators and decreased expression of pro-tumorigenic inflammatory mediators encourage beneficial inflammatory effects in terms of powerful anti-tumor immunity. The present study aims to screen the beneficial inflammatory effects of venom via determining its modulatory tendency on the expression of 40 pro- and anti-tumorigenic inflammatory mediators (cytokines/growth factors/chemokines) in LoVo human colon cancer cell line.

Prevalence and Significance of Pyuria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a major health problem, which poses a burden for health care systems worldwide. It has been estimated that 10% of the population worldwide have CKD; however, most of the cases are undiagnosed. If left untreated, CKD could lead to kidney failure, which highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on cytochrome-c release and inflammation in colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in Wistar albino rats.

Colon cancer is one of the most common causes of deaths by cancer worldwide. Stem cells have immunosuppressive properties that promote tumor targeting and circumvent obstacles currently in gene therapy. Bone marrow stem cells are believed to have anticancer potential.

Role of the posterodorsal medial amygdala in predator odour stress-induced puberty delay in female rats.

Puberty onset is influenced by various factors, including psychosocial stress. The present study investigated cat-odour stress on puberty onset and oestrous cyclicity in rats. Female weanling rats were exposed to either soiled cat litter or fresh unused litter for 10 consecutive days.

Exploring Dynamics and Noise in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Signaling.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) acts via G-protein coupled receptors on pituitary gonadotropes. These are G-coupled receptors that mediate acute effects of GnRH on the exocytotic secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as the chronic regulation of their synthesis. FSH and LH control steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in the gonads so GnRH mediates control of reproduction by the central nervous system.

Information Transfer via Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors to ERK and NFAT: Sensing GnRH and Sensing Dynamics.

Information theoretic approaches can be used to quantify information transfer via cell signaling networks. In this study, we do so for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in large numbers of individual fixed LT2 and HeLa cells. Information transfer, measured by mutual information between GnRH and ERK or NFAT, was <1 bit (despite 3-bit system inputs).

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling: An information theoretic approach.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone that mediates central control of reproduction, acting via G-protein coupled receptors that are primarily G coupled and mediate GnRH effects on the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. A great deal is known about the GnRH receptor signaling network but GnRH is secreted in short pulses and much less is known about how gonadotropes decode this pulsatile signal. Similarly, single cell measures reveal considerable cell-cell heterogeneity in responses to GnRH but the impact of this variability on signaling is largely unknown.