Plays a Role in Lignification of Secondary Cell Walls in .

Lignin is present in plant secondary cell walls and is among the most abundant biological polymers on Earth. In this work we investigated the potential role of the gene family in regulating lignification in . Chemical determination of floral stem lignin contents in , and mutants revealed no significant differences compared to WT plants.

BLISS: Shining a light on lignification in plants.

Lignin is a polyphenolic polymer of the plant cell wall formed by the oxidative polymerization of 3 main monomers called monolignols that give rise to the lignin H-, G- and S-units. Together with cellulose and hemicelluloses, lignin is a major component of plant biomass that is widely exploited by humans in numerous industrial processes. Despite recent advances in our understanding of monolignol biosynthesis, our current understanding of the spatio-temporal regulation of their transport and polymerization is more limited.

Spatial regulation of monolignol biosynthesis and laccase genes control developmental and stress-related lignin in flax.

Background: Bast fibres are characterized by very thick secondary cell walls containing high amounts of cellulose and low lignin contents in contrast to the heavily lignified cell walls typically found in the xylem tissues. To improve the quality of the fiber-based products in the future, a thorough understanding of the main cell wall polymer biosynthetic pathways is required. In this study we have carried out a characterization of the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in flax along with some of their regulation mechanisms.

BLISS: A Bioorthogonal Dual-Labeling Strategy to Unravel Lignification Dynamics in Plants.

A better in vivo understanding of lignin formation within plant cell walls will contribute to improving the valorization of plant-derived biomass. Although bioorthogonal chemistry provides a promising platform to study the lignification process, methodologies that simultaneously detect multiple chemical reporters in living organisms are still scarce. Here, we have developed an original bioorthogonal labeling imaging sequential strategy (BLISS) to visualize and analyze the incorporation of both p-hydroxyphenyl (H) and guaiacyl (G) units into lignin in vivo with a combination of strain-promoted and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions.

Glycosylation Is a Major Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Availability and Biological Activity in Plants.

The phenylpropanoid pathway in plants is responsible for the biosynthesis of a huge amount of secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine and tyrosine. Both flavonoids and lignins are synthesized at the end of this very diverse metabolic pathway, as well as many intermediate molecules whose precise biological functions remain largely unknown. The diversity of these molecules can be further increased under the action of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) leading to the production of glycosylated hydroxycinnamates and related aldehydes, alcohols and esters.

Association of antibiotic resistance in agricultural Escherichia coli isolates with attachment to quartz.

Surface water can be contaminated by bacteria from various sources, including manure from agricultural facilities. Attachment of these bacteria to soil and organic particles contributes to their transport through the environment, though the mechanism of attachment is unknown. As bacterial attachment to human tissues is known to be correlated with antibiotic resistance, we have investigated here the relationship between bacterial attachment to environmental particles and antibiotic resistance in agricultural isolates.

Construction and characterization of two BAC libraries representing a deep-coverage of the genome of chicory (Cichorium intybus L., Asteraceae).

Background: The Asteraceae represents an important plant family with respect to the numbers of species present in the wild and used by man. Nonetheless, genomic resources for Asteraceae species are relatively underdeveloped, hampering within species genetic studies as well as comparative genomics studies at the family level. So far, six BAC libraries have been described for the main crops of the family, i.

Pain after vasectomy.

We studied the influence of the timing of injection of bupivacaine into the vas deferens on the intensity and duration of scrotal pain following vasectomy. Forty-two patients undergoing vasectomy under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to have the operation performed on either the left or the right side first. On the first side to be operated upon, 5 ml bupivacaine 0.

Determination of cefoxitin in serum and tissue.

A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the clean-up and analysis of cefoxitin in serum and tissue is described. Serum (0.5 ml) and tissue (100 mg) samples after homogenization underwent high speed centrifugation.

[Treatment of drug-induced agranulocytosis with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a surgical intensive care unit].

Following repeated metamizole applications a 41-year old intensive-care patient suffering from severe craniocerebral trauma and sepsis developed a drug-induced agranulocytosis. Early G-CSF treatment reduced the neutropenic period to 4 days.

A comparison of the effect of intramuscular diclofenac, ketorolac or piroxicam on post-operative pain following laparoscopy.

Sixty patients presenting for in-patient gynaecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated to receive either diclofenac 75 mg (n = 20), ketorolac 30 mg (n = 20) or piroxicam 20 mg (n = 20) as an intramuscular (i.m.) injection immediately after induction of anaesthesia.

A comparison of the effect of intramuscular diclofenac, ketorolac or piroxicam on postoperative pain following laparoscopy.

Sixty patients presenting for in-patient gynaecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated to receive either diclofenac 75 mg (n = 20), ketorolac 30 mg (n = 20) or piroxicam 20 mg (n = 20) as an intra-muscular injection immediately after induction of anaesthesia. Postoperative visual analogue scores over the first 24 hours, using a 10 cm scale, ranged from 3.2-0.

Endoscopic and surgical retrieval of fishhooks from the stomach and esophagus in dogs and cats: 75 cases (1977-1993).

Medical records of 3 cats and 72 dogs that had a fishhook endoscopically or surgically retrieved from the stomach or esophagus were reviewed. Endoscopic retrieval was successful in 41 of 62 (66%) animals, and retrieval time and hospitalization time for endoscopic retrieval were significantly shorter than times for surgical retrieval. Rate of failure of endoscopic retrieval was higher for animals with treble-barb, rather than single-barb, fishhooks.

[Pseudothrombocytopenia: case reports and review of the literature].

Background: Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTP) is an in vitro phenomenon with falsely low platelet counts determined automatically. Usually the thrombocytopenia is noticed accidentally without a corresponding tendency to bleeding. If this phenomenon is not recognized, misinterpretation may bring the patient into a considerable risk by diagnostical and therapeutical mistakes.

Periosteal osteosarcoma in the long head of the triceps in a dog.

A 2.5-year-old Labrador retriever was evaluated for forelimb lameness. Fine-needle aspirates of a mass in the proximal brachium were suggestive of a mesenchymal tumor.

Effects of temperature and storage time on pin pull-out testing in harvested canine femurs.

Effects of temperature and storage time on canine bone-transfixation pin specimens were tested by comparing pin pull-out forces. A total of 16 femurs from 8 mature dogs were tested. Five nonthreaded Steinmann pins were placed through both cortices in the diaphysis of each femur.

Intra-vas deferens bupivacaine for prevention of acute pain and chronic discomfort after vasectomy.

We have studied the use of intra-vas deferens local anaesthesia in 70 patients undergoing vasectomy as day-case patients. Patients were allocated randomly to either a control or treatment group. In the treatment group, 0.

Evaluation of pulse oximeter probes and probe placement in healthy dogs.

Placement of two different pulse oximeter probes, a finger (f) probe and a multisite (s) probe, was evaluated in six healthy, anesthetized beagles. Concurrent arterial blood gas values were compared to determine the most consistent (repeatable) and accurate (compared to calculated hemoglobin saturations) pulse oximeter probe and probe placement sites for subsequent use in awake dogs. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation was determined from arterial blood gas analysis (SaO2) and by pulse oximetry (SpO2) at full hemoglobin saturation (mean, 99.

Influence of HPA-1a and HLA antibodies on primary hemostasis.

The influence of platelet specific and HLA antibodies was investigated on primary hemostasis by the in vitro bleeding test (IVBT) (Thrombostat 4000). Seven of 12 plasmas with HPA-1a (P1A1) antibodies and two with antibodies against glycoprotein Ib/IX significantly inhibited the IVBT of normal, cross-match-positive donor blood. This correlated with a significant increase of GMP-140 (CD 62) on the platelets, determined by flow cytometry.

Thrombocytopenia-adapted in vitro bleeding test assesses platelet function in thrombocytopenic patients.

Platelet counts do not always reflect the true bleeding risk in chronically thrombocytopenic patients, and the posttransfusion platelet increments do not necessarily demonstrate that therapeutic efficacy. There are no easy and reliable tests yet permitting the determination of platelet function in thrombocytopenic patients. The in-vitro bleeding test (IVBT) with the Thrombostat 4000 proved to be a very sensitive and specific test for the detection of platelet disorders.

Variables influencing the Thrombostat 4000: recommended standardization.

The in vitro bleeding test (IVBT) (Thrombostat 4000) was performed on blood samples from healthy blood donors using a "preliminary standard test." Only one factor of the test procedure was changed each time. We found the following parameters to have a significant influence on the test results: time interval between sampling and testing, diameter of the filter's aperture, capillary diameter, aggregating agents and their concentration, temperature of the blood and cartridges, method of drying the capillaries, the aspiration pressure, and the hematocrit of the blood sample.

A contribution to the indications for platelet transfusion and determination of its therapeutic efficacy.

The platelet count does not really reflect the true bleeding risk in chronically thrombocytopenic patients. Recently, we reported on two modifications of an in vitro bleeding test (IVBT) which appeared to be suitable for the evaluation of primary non-vascular hemostatis in thrombocytopenic and anemic patients (platelets 10-50,000/microL, hct 16-30 L/L). We report on the clinical study conducted with the IVBT modification which proved to be superior.