A comparative study for determining Covid-19 risk levels by unsupervised machine learning methods.

The restrictions have been preferred by governments to reduce the spread of Covid-19 and to protect people's health according to regional risk levels. The risk levels of locations are determined due to threshold values ​​based on the number of cases per 100,000 people without environmental variables. The purpose of our study is to apply unsupervised machine learning techniques to determine the cities with similar risk levels by using the number of cases and environmental parameters.

Assessment of genetic diversity and differentiation among four indigenous Turkish sheep breeds using microsatellites.

Conservation and breeding programmes of livestock species depend on determination of genetic diversity. Today in livestock species, microsatellite markers are commonly used to reveal population structure and genetic diversity in both breeds and varieties. In this study, population structure, genetic diversity, and differentiation among four native Turkish sheep breeds including Güney Karaman, Kangal, Norduz, and Karakas were assessed by using 21 microsatellite loci.

The protective effect of avocado soybean unsaponifilables on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat prefrontal cortex.

Object: We investigated the protective effects of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after global brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group I was control rats, Group II was ischemia rats, Group III was Isch + ASU rats. Brain ischemia was produced via four-vessel occlusion model.

Incidence of epilepsy in a defined area of Central Anatolia, Turkey, after 15 years of age.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish the incidence rate, incidence-related characteristics, and epidemiological profile of epilepsy in Eskisehir, Turkey.

Methods: Cases were prospectively recorded by utilizing multiple data sources, including case records obtained through the Hospital Information System, files kept by family physicians, and files kept by private neurologists. Patients diagnosed with epilepsy between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2008, and above the age of 15 years were included in the study.

Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid radioaerosol scintigraphy in organophosphate induced pulmonary toxicity: experimental study.

Background: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate pathological signs of lung damages caused by acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning by using Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosol scintigraphy and histopathological investigation.

Material And Method: Fourteen rabbits were divided into two equal groups (n = 7). Group 1 (control group) received normal saline (same volume of fenthion, 2 ml/kg) via orogastric tube.

Oedema risk of endotracheal intubation in rabbits with cessation of steroid therapy.

Rebound oedema of tissues is a well defined complication of cessation of steroid therapy. Tapering of systemic corticosteroid regimens in short course steroid therapy is considered unnecessary in most circumstances in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, presence of laryngeal rebound edema is obscure in this situation. We studied whether or not laryngeal oedema increases after intubation when intubation is established after cessation of steroid therapy.

The protective effect of fish n-3 fatty acids on cerebral ischemia in rat prefrontal cortex.

This study presents neuroprotective effects of fish n-3 EFA on the prefrontal cortex after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Eighteen rats divided into three groups. Group A rats were used as control.

The influence of dexmedetomidine on ischemic rat hippocampus.

In our study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidant-antioxidant systems, pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and number of apoptotic neurons on hippocampus and dentate gyrus after transient global cerebral I/R injury. Eighteen rats divided into 3 groups, equally. Group I rats were used as shams.

Influence of atropine therapy on fenthion-induced pancreatitis.

Objective: We searched the influence of dose and timing of atropine therapy in fenthion-induced pancreatitis model.

Methods: All rats were intoxicated with fenthion except the control group. Two milligrams of atropine was administered for 24 hours in a high dose atropine group while a low dose atropine group received 100 micrograms of atropine for 24 hours.

The neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine in the hippocampus of rabbits after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a serious condition, often accompanied by cerebral vasospasm, which may lead to brain ischemia and neurologic deterioration. We evaluated if dexmedetomidine has neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus of vasospastic SAH rabbits or not.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were taken.

Tonsillar lipoma causing difficult intubation: a case report.

A 63-year-old woman with confusion and disorientation was referred to the Pulmonary Medicine Department of Afyon Kocatepe University. She was uncooperative and her peripheral oxygen saturation was 75%. She was on diuretic therapy for heart failure.

Stepwise rising CO2 insufflation as an ischemic preconditioning method.

Background: The pneumoperitoneum (Pp) is associated with ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and oxidative stress. Various ischemic-preconditioning (IP) methods were used to reduce ischemic injury in intra-abdominal organs. In this experimental, randomized, controlled trial with a blind assessment of the outcome, we evaluated the effects of a new IP method, stepwise rising CO(2) insufflation, on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine response.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduces mortality and sepsis-induced lung injury in rats.

Objective: Sepsis and ensuing multiorgan failure continue to be the major causes of mortality in intensive care units. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation is supposed to be one of the targets in the treatment of sepsis. We studied the effectiveness of caffeic phenethyl ester (CAPE), a known NF-kappaB inhibitor, in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis and lung injury.

The Evaluation of Protective Effects of FK-506 on Neural Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury: an Experimental Study.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to delineate the mode of neuroprotective action of FK-506, and demonstrated that FK-506 could decrease oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in an in vivo rat model of neural ischemia-reperfusion after hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: Thirty rats were used as experimental subjects and divided into five equal groups. Group A rats (sham group, n = 6) were anesthetized and craniotomies were performed for collecting brain tissue samples.

Oral administration of avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) reduces ischemic damage in the rat hippocampus.

Background: The beneficial effects of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) are known as an antiarthritic agent. This experimental study presents the effects of ASU on oxidant/antioxidant systems and the number of apoptotic neurons of hippocampal formation after ischemia and reperfusion.

Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into three equal groups: group I rats were used as controls; group II rats were fed with standard diet and group III rats were fed with standard diet plus ASU pills for 10 days.

Influence of different atropine therapy strategies on fenthion-induced organ dysfunction in rats.

We studied the influence of dose and timing of atropine therapy on fenthion-induced organ dysfunction. Thirty-six rats were randomized into six groups. All rats in the five groups except the control group were intoxicated with fenthion.

The protective effect of fish n-3 fatty acids on cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral injury after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Fish n-3 essential fatty acids (EFA), contain eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) and docosahexoenoic acids (DHA), exhibit antioxidant properties. DHA is an important component of brain membrane phospholipids and is necessary for the continuity of neuronal functions.

Effect of shed blood retransfusion on pulmonary perfusion after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective controlled study.

Postoperative shed blood retransfusion (autotransfusion) is a commonly used salvage method following major surgical operations, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The systemic effects of shed blood are still unclear. We studied the effect of residual substances in the retransfused shed blood, on lung perfusion after TKA.

Apoptosis and cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury developed after haemorrhagic shock: experimental study.

Background: Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that plays a role in some normal and pathological conditions. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis during cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in response to haemorrhagic shock in a rat model.

Methods: Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, haemorrhagic shock (HS), ischemic reperfusion (IR), 1st hour IR, 3rd hour IR, 6th hour IR and 24th hour IR.

Prevalence of sleep apnoea in patients undergoing operation.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is defined as episodes of obstructive apnoeas and hypopnoeas during sleep with daytime somnolence. The gold standard in diagnostic tool patients with these symptoms is polisomnography. The goals of this study were to determine the frequency of OSA symptoms and the prevalence of OSA in patients undergoing operation.

Effect of lung ischemia--reperfusion on oxidative stress parameters of remote tissues.

Objective: Ischemia-reperfusion injury induces a systemic inflammatory response and production of reactive oxygen species, which potentially can be more detrimental than its local effects. Although the lung injury that is formed by the effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury on remote organs has been previously studied, no previous study that investigated the effects of pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury on remote organs has been considered. We hypothesized that the lung ischemia-reperfusion injury may cause the spread of inflammation to remote organs such as liver and heart.