In vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host Hyalomma excavatum and Hyalomma scupense and three-host Hyalomma dromedarii ticks.

Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites and can transmit various pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. The life cycle of ticks can be completed under laboratory conditions on experimental animals, but the artificial feeding of ticks has attracted increased interest as an alternative method. This study represents the first report on the successful in vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host tick species, Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma excavatum, and the three-host tick Hyalomma dromedarii.

In vitro feeding of Hyalomma excavatum and Hyalomma marginatum tick species.

The rearing of ticks is an important technique for studies aiming to elucidate the course and pathogenesis of tick-borne diseases (TBDs). TBDs caused by protozoans (Theileria, Babesia) and bacteria (Anaplasma/Ehrlichia) impose a serious constraint upon livestock health and production in tropical and sub-tropical regions where the distributions of host, pathogen, and vector overlap. This study focuses on Hyalomma marginatum, one of the most important Hyalomma species in the Mediterranean region, being a vector of the virus that causes Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in humans, together with H.

Selection of genotypes harbouring mutations in the cytochrome b gene of Theileria annulata is associated with resistance to buparvaquone.

Buparvaquone remains the only effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata. However, an increase in the rate of buparvaquone treatment failures has been observed in recent years, raising the possibility that resistance to this drug is associated with the selection of T. annulata genotypes bearing mutation(s) in the cytochrome b gene (Cyto b).

Effects of flumethrin and eprinomectin in naturally infected mice with Myocoptes musculinus.

Mite infestations can occur in laboratory mice and cause an undesirable immune system response and adversely affect study results. Myocoptes musculinus is a mite species that can occasionally parasitized in laboratory-housed and breeding mice. In this study, the efficacy of flumethrin and eprinomectin were compared in 30 male Balb/c mice naturally infested with M.

Evaluation of Cases with Suspected Canine Leishmaniasis History: A Five-year Retrospective Study (2016-2021).

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) results of suspected samples with canine leishmaniasis (CanL) that were sent to the Parasitology Department Laboratories of the Veterinary Faculty in Aydın Adnan Menderes University.

Methods: The age, gender, and breed of the dogs to be evaluated for CanL were recorded, and IFAT was performed using 80 blood serum samples collected from them. Additionally, after the isolation of genomic DNA of 27 blood samples, PCR of these samples was performed using primers that amplify the 145 bp kDNA region of species.

Prevalence of Theileria/Babesia Species in Ruminants in Burdur Province of Turkey.

Purpose: Theileriosis and babesiosis, two tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs) of ruminants, are caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Theileria and Babesia, respectively. Among them, some species are considered to be highly pathogenic causing serious economic losses to livestock holders especially in tropic and subtropic regions. Local and/or general control measures are needed to be applied to reduce economic impact of TBHDs.

Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in cats of West Aegean Region, Turkey.

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Although dogs are considered to be primary reservoir hosts of Leishmania spp., several mammals, such as foxes, jackals and small rodents may also be hosts of different Leishmania spp.

Comparison of protectiveness of recombinant Babesia ovis apical membrane antigen 1 and B. ovis-infected cell line as vaccines against ovine babesiosis.

Babesiosis is a disease complex caused by unicellular Babesia parasites and among them, malignant ovine babesiosis caused by B. ovis has a devastating economical impact on the small ruminant industry. The control of disease is mainly based on chemotherapy and preventing animals from tick infestation and to date no vaccine is available against ovine babesiosis.

High genetic diversity and differentiation of the Babesia ovis population in Turkey.

Babesia ovis is a tick-transmitted protozoan haemoparasite causing ovine babesiosis in sheep and goats leading to considerable economic loss in Turkey and neighbouring countries. There are no vaccines available, therapeutic drugs leave toxic residues in meat and milk, and tick vector control entails environmental risks. A panel of eight mini- and micro-satellite marker loci was developed and applied to study genetic diversity and substructuring of B.

Tick Bites on Humans in Southwestern Region of Turkey: Species Diversity.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine tick species found on humans who suffered from tick bite in the Southwestern Anatolia Region, Turkey.

Methods: Between January and October 2007, ticks were collected from people admitted to the city and/or town hospitals with complaints of tick bites in nine different provinces of Turkey. Genus and/or species of the ticks in adult, larva and nymph stages were identified microscopically.

Infection dynamics of Theileria annulata over a disease season following cell line vaccination.

Tropical theileriosis is a tick-borne haemoparasitic disease of cattle caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata. Globally, the economic impact of the disease is immense and enhanced control measures would improve livestock production in endemic regions. Immunisation with a live attenuated vaccine is an effective and widely used control method, however, the repeated use of live vaccines may have an impact on the field parasite population at a genetic level.

The secreted Theileria annulata Ta9 protein contributes to activation of the AP-1 transcription factor.

Theileria annulata is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileria sporozoites invade bovine leukocytes and develop into a multinucleate syncytial macroschizont that causes uncontrolled proliferation and dissemination of infected and transformed leukocytes. Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor driving expression of genes involved in proliferation and dissemination and is therefore a key player in Theileria-induced leukocytes transformation.

Prevalence of Larval-Stage Dicrocoeliidae (Digenea) Trematodes in Helix lucorum (Mollusca: Pulmonata) in Van Province.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of larval-stage Dicrocoeliidae trematodes in Helix lucorum, a land snail found in Van Province.

Methods: Helix lucorum snails were collected in April, May, and June 2017 from Edremit and Gevaş, the central districts of Van Province, especially from natural areas where ruminants predominate. The snails were anesthetized with magnesium chloride, were removed from their shells, and their digestive glands were disrupted.

Identification of candidate transmission-blocking antigen genes in Theileria annulata and related vector-borne apicomplexan parasites.

Background: Vector-borne apicomplexan parasites are a major cause of mortality and morbidity to humans and livestock globally. The most important disease syndromes caused by these parasites are malaria, babesiosis and theileriosis. Strategies for control often target parasite stages in the mammalian host that cause disease, but this can result in reservoir infections that promote pathogen transmission and generate economic loss.

Molecular surveillance of Theileria parasites of livestock in Oman.

Background: Theileriosis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases of livestock in the Arabian Peninsula, and causes high rates of mortality and morbidity in sheep and cattle. However, there is a paucity of information on the distribution of Theileria spp. over the whole region and their impact on different hosts.

Selection of Genetic Markers to Determine Diversity in Theileria annulata Populations after Recombination.

Objective: Selecting polymorphic mini- and microsatellite markers to determine genetic diversity and chromosomal regions exhibiting elevated rates of recombination in Theileria annulata populations after recombination.

Methods: The Unipro UGENE software was used to select markers. A score at which 10 times more tandem repeats (TRs) were identified in the real DNA sequence than those in the scrambled sequences of T.

Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in small ruminants in Turkey and diagnostic sensitivity of single-PCR and RLB.

Background: Tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs), caused by Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, are common in regions of the world where the distributions of host, pathogen and vector overlap. Many of these diseases threaten livestock production and some also represent a concern to human public health. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the above-mentioned pathogens in a large number of blood samples (n = 1979) collected from sheep (n = 1727) and goats (n = 252) in Turkey.

Determination the Role of Rhipicephalus sanguineus for Transmission of Leishmania major to Reservoir Animals.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in the transmission of Leishmania major, the etiological agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Methods: Ten gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were infected with promastigotes of L. major, and 10 gerbils were maintained as controls.

Identification and Analysis of Immunodominant Antigens for ELISA-Based Detection of Theileria annulata.

Tropical or Mediterranean theileriosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata, remains an economically important bovine disease in North Africa, Southern Europe, India, the Middle East and Asia. The disease affects mainly exotic cattle and imposes serious constraints upon livestock production and breed improvement programmes. While microscopic and molecular methods exist which are capable of detecting T.

[Detection of Anaplasma / Ehrlichia Species of Cattle and Ticks in Aydın Region].

Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the Anaplasma/Ehrlichia species of cattle and ticks and to provide knowledge on the prevalence of these species during sampling periods.

Methods: A total of 679 blood and 186 tick samples were collected from the Osmanbükü, Akçaova, Dalama, and Söke districts of Aydın. The samples were screened with genus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp.

[Gerbils, As Experimental Animals (Meriones unguiculatus): Is A Good Role Model for Leishmania major?].

Objective: This study aimed to observation the possible visceralization tendency and dissemination of L. major amastigotes in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) using a classic smear technique, inoculated into enriched Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for diagnosis of infection.

Methods: In this study, L.

Development of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale in cattle.

Tropical theileriosis, bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne protozoan diseases that impose serious constraints on the health and productivity of domestic cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. A common feature of these diseases is that, following recovery from primary infection, animals become persistent carriers of the pathogen and continue to play a critical role in disease epidemiology, acting as reservoirs of infection. This study describes development and evaluation of multiplex and single PCR assays for simultaneous detection of Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale in cattle.

Evaluation of cytochrome b as a sensitive target for PCR based detection of T. annulata carrier animals.

Bovine tropical theileriosis, caused by the tick-borne protozoan Theileria annulata, imposes a serious constraint upon breed improvement programmes and livestock production in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Animals that recover from primary infection serve as carriers and play a critical role in the epidemiology of the disease, acting as reservoirs of infection. However, conclusive identification of carrier animals can be problematic.

A parasitological, molecular and serological survey of Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs around the Aegean coast of Turkey.

Canine hepatozoonosis is caused by the tick-borne protozoon Hepatozoon spp. The prevalence of the infection in the Aegean coast of Turkey was investigated by examination of blood smear parasitology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using blood samples from 349 dogs collected from Central Aydin, Kusadasi, Selcuk, Central Manisa, Bodrum and Marmaris within the Aegean coast of Turkey. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for the detection of Hepatozoon canis antibodies was also used to detect the exposure rate to H.