Does hydronephrosis predict the presence of severe vesicoureteral reflux?

Unlabelled: We hypothesized that, in patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) grade IV or V, hydronephrosis will likely be found, if the patient has a full bladder during the renal ultrasound examination. Eight hundred thirty-seven patients were included in the study. Patients ranged in age from <1 month to 18.

The BK virus in renal transplant recipients-review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

The BK virus, a DNA virus from the Polyomavirus group, represents an opportunistic infection of immunosuppressed transplant recipients. Though the virus was discovered approximately 40 years ago, the emergence of BK virus nephropathy since 1995 onwards, with associated high graft loss rates, has revolutionized renal transplantation medicine. Kidney transplant professionals realized that the consequences of over-immunosuppression were as severe as the consequences of under-immunosuppression and we entered the era of immunosuppressive minimization.

Comparison of generic tacrolimus and Prograf drug levels in a pediatric kidney transplant program: brief communication.

A generic version of tacrolimus was approved for use in the USA in August 2009. These narrow therapeutic index generics are tested for bioequivalence only in adults. No data are available on generic tacrolimus levels in children with allografts.