Relation Between Multiplication of Venous Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure (PvCO2) and the Ratio of Gas Flow to Pump Flow (Ve/Q) with Hyperlactatemia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Background: The incidence of hyperlactatemia due to hypoperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) increases morbidity. Carbon dioxide production during CPB is one of the lactate production markers, in addition to other markers such as delivery oxygen (DO2), oxygen consumption (VO2), mixed vein oxygen saturation (SvO2), and oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER).

Method: This observational analytic study was conducted on 40 adult cardiac surgery patients using a CPB machine.

The effect of pectointercostal fascial block on stress response in open heart surgery.

Background: Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory processes are common forms of stress response. The increased stress response is associated with a higher chance of complications. Open hearth surgery is one of the procedures with a high-stress response.

Pronator Quadratus Muscle Flap for Prevention of Flexor Tendon Rupture after Distal Radius Volar Plating.

Background: Flexor tendon rupture is a serious but rare complication that can occur after volar plating of distal radius fractures. This study aims to introduce a novel surgical technique that uses a pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle flap transposition to protect the flexor tendons from rupture or irritation and evaluate its outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 204 patients with unstable distal radius fractures who underwent a standard volar flexor carpi radialis approach with extended release of the PQ muscle during exposure.

Neurocranial growth in the OIM mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disorder of type I collagen characterized by abnormal bone formation. The OI craniofacial phenotype includes midfacial underdevelopment, as well as neurocranial changes (e.g.

Dental tissue changes in juvenile and adult mice with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a disorder of type I collagen, causes skeletal deformities as well as defects in dental tissues, which lead to increased enamel wear and smaller teeth with shorter roots. Mice with OI exhibit similar microstructural dentin changes, including reduced dentin tubule density and dentin cross-sectional area. However, the effects of these mutations on gross dental morphology and dental tissue volumes have never been characterized in the osteogenesis imperfecta murine (OIM) mouse model.

Halloysite nanotubes-cellulose ether based biocomposite matrix, a potential sustained release system for BCS class I drug verapamil hydrochloride: Compression characterization, in-vitro release kinetics, and in-vivo mechanistic physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling studies.

This study investigated the ability of natural nanotubular clay mineral (Halloysite) and cellulose ether based biocomposite matrix as a controlled release agent for Verapamil HCl (BCS Class-I). Drug-loaded halloysite was prepared and tablet formulations were designed by varying amount of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M). Physical characterization was carried out using SEM, FTIR, and DSC.

Morphological variability in the inner ear of mice with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is known to cause hearing loss in ~60% of the affected human population. While OI-related pathologies have been studied in the middle ear, the development of cochlear pathologies is less well understood. In this study, we examine OI-related pathologies of the cochlea in a mouse model of OI to (1) document variation between OI and unaffected mice, and (2) assess the intrusion of the otic capsule onto the cochlea by analyzing differences in duct volumes.

MERS-CoV seroconversion amongst Malaysian Hajj pilgrims returning from the Middle East, 2016-2018: results from the MERCURIAL multiyear prospective cohort study.

Prospective cohort study to investigate the potential exposure to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) following Hajj pilgrims is still very limited. Here, we report the antibody seroconversion study results obtained from successive three years cohort studies (2016-2018) involving the Malaysian Hajj pilgrims returning from the Middle East. A cohort study of Hajj pilgrims from Malaysia enrolled 2,863 participants from 2016-2018, all of whom consented to provide paired blood samples for both pre- and post-Hajj travel to the Middle East.

Nanoclay-Based Composite Films for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Development, Characterization, and in silico Modeling and Simulation.

Purpose: Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are a versatile and highly investigated clay mineral due to their natural availability, low cost, strong mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and binding properties. The present work explores its role for retarding and controlling the drug release from the composite polymer matrix material.

Methods: For this purpose, nanocomposite films comprising propranolol HCl and different concentrations of HNTs were formulated using the "solution casting method".

Human rights violations and associated factors of the Hijras in Bangladesh-A cross-sectional study.

Background: Hijras in Bangladesh face considerable discrimination, stigma, and violence despite the 2013 legislation that recognized Hijras as a third gender. There is a dearth of published literature describing the extent of human rights violations among this population and their associated factors.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 346 study participants aged 15 years and older, living in five urban cities of Bangladesh who self-identified as Hijra, in 2019.

Critical care transfers and COVID-19: Managing capacity challenges through critical care networks.

The intensive care units in North West London are part of one of the oldest critical care networks in the UK, forming a mature and established strategic alliance to share resources, experience and knowledge for the benefit of its patients. North West London saw an early surge in COVID-19 admissions, which urgently threatened the capacity of some of its intensive care units even before the UK government announced lockdown. The pre-existing relationships and culture within the network allowed its members to unite and work rapidly to develop agile and innovative solutions, protecting any individual unit from becoming overwhelmed, and ultimately protecting its patients.

Hydrogen sulfide manages hexavalent chromium toxicity in wheat and rice seedlings: The role of sulfur assimilation and ascorbate-glutathione cycle.

The role of hydrogen sulfide (HS) is well known in the regulation of abiotic stress such as toxic heavy metal. However, mechanism(s) lying behind this amelioration are still poorly known. Consequently, the present study was focused on the regulation/mitigation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI) toxicity by the application of HS in wheat and rice seedlings.

Upper extremity necrotizing fasciitis in a Covid-19 patient.

The novel COVID-19 virus has resulted in an immense burden in healthcare throughout the world. In addition to respiratory complications, COVID-19 has been associated with hypercoagulability and ischemic changes. We report a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with a rapidly progressing necrotizing fasciitis treated in our institution.

Inhalation and ingestion of Synthetic musks in pregnant women: In silico spontaneous abortion risk evaluation and control.

Synthetic musks (SMs) are odor additives commonly used in the personal care products. Their wide existence in the environment and the recently reported adverse impact on the production and activity of progesterone and estrogen have raised pregnancy red flags and even lead to a pregnancy loss. Apart from the suggestion of limiting SM contact and exposure, effective abortion risk control measures for SMs remain to be blank.

Ethylene needs endogenous hydrogen sulfide for alleviating hexavalent chromium stress in Vigna mungo L. and Vigna radiata L.

Chromium toxicity to crops is a big scientific issue of the present time. Thus, continuous scientific attempts have been taken for reducing chromium toxicity in crop plants. In this study, we have tested potential of ethylene (ET) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) in alleviating hexavalent chromium [(Cr(VI)] stress in two pulse crops i.

Ethylene and hydrogen sulphide are essential for mitigating hexavalent chromium stress in two pulse crops.

Chromium toxicity to crops is a major scientific problem of the present time. Thus, scientific attempts have been made for reducing chromium toxicity to crop plants. In this study, we examined the potential of ethylene (ET, 25 µM) and hydrogen sulphide (H S, 10 µM) to alleviate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI), 50 µM] stress in two pulse crops, black bean and mung bean, by assessing physiological and biochemical attributes.

Multiyear prospective cohort study to evaluate the risk potential of MERS-CoV infection among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims (MERCURIAL): a study protocol.

Introduction: Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the MERS-CoV. MERS was first reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Every year, the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca attracts more than two million pilgrims from 184 countries, making it one of the largest annual religious mass gatherings (MGs) worldwide.

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated fear, panic, distress, anxiety, and depression among many people in Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study, we examined factors associated with different levels of psychological impact as a result of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. From April 1 to 30, 2020, we used a self-administered online questionnaire to collect data from 10,609 respondents.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Feelings of isolation, insecurity, and instability triggered by COVID-19 could have a long-term impact on the mental health status of individuals.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, and stress) in Bangladesh and the factors associated with these symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: From 1 to 30 April 2020, we used a validated self-administered questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional study on 10,609 participants through an online survey platform.

Genetic mechanisms and correlated risk factors of antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPEE pathogens isolated in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia.

Background: Knowledge on the epidemiology, genotypic and phenotypic features of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) ESKAPEE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli) and their association with hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are limited in Malaysia. Therefore, we evaluated the AMR features and resistance mechanisms of the ESKAPEE pathogens collected in a tertiary hospital located in the capital of Malaysia.

Potential role for vascular surgeons during a COVID-19 outbreak: management, workload, and outcomes from the initiation of a central venous line service for patients with COVID-19 undergoing ventilation during the initial UK peak.

This is a report by a vascular unit in London on the initiation of a central venous line service for patients with COVID-19 undergoing ventilation during the initial UK peak. It includes views on management, workload, and overall outcomes.

Investigating Halloysite Nanotubes as a Potential Platform for Oral Modified Delivery of Different BCS Class Drugs: Characterization, Optimization, and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics.

Purpose: This study systematically investigated the potential of four model drugs (verapamil HCl, flurbiprofen, atenolol, and furosemide), each belonging to a different class of Biopharmaceutics Classification Systems (BCS) to be developed into oral modified release dosage forms after loading with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs).

Methods: The drugs were studied for their loading (mass gain %) by varying solvent system, method, pH, and ratios of loading into the nanotubes using D-optimal split-plot design with the help of Design Expert software. Drug-loaded halloysites were characterized by XRD, DTA, FTIR, SEM, and HPLC-UV-based assay procedures.