Stakeholders' views and opinions on existing guidelines on "How to Choose Mental Health Apps".

Background: Mental health Applications (Mhealth Apps) can change how healthcare is delivered. However, very little is known about the efficacy of Mhealth Apps. Currently, only minimum guidance is available in Assessment and Evaluation Tools (AETs).

Dislocation of implantable collamer lens following blunt trauma.

Purpose: to present the signs, symptoms and management of two cases of traumatic dislocation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) after direct blunt trauma.

Observations: at presentation, we noted diffuse conjunctival hyperemia, and clear cornea in the right eye of the first patient. The anterior chamber showed +2 pigmented cells, a distorted, nasally peaked pupil with one-foot plate in front of the iris.

Chronic pain impairs cognitive flexibility and engages novel learning strategies in rats.

Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt behavior to changing outcomes, is critical to survival. The prefrontal cortex is a key site of cognitive control, and chronic pain is known to lead to significant morphological changes to this brain region. Nevertheless, the effects of chronic pain on cognitive flexibility and learning remain uncertain.

Investigating the particle to fibre transition threshold during electrohydrodynamic atomization of a polymer solution.

Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) is a key research area for producing micro and nano-sized structures. This process can be categorized into two main operating regimes: electrospraying for particle generation and electrospinning for fibre production. Producing particles/fibres of the desired size or morphology depends on two main factors; properties of the polymeric solution used and the processing conditions including flow rate, applied voltage and collection distance.

From persecution to depression: a case of chronic depression--associating the Rorschach, the TAT, and Winnicott.

In this article, I discuss a case study of a patient with depression, paranoid ideation, and other psychiatric difficulties who presented in a state of acute crisis. I review the Swiss Lausanne model of Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) interpretation, focusing on a psychoanalytic understanding of special contents and verbalizations. I then present a review of Comprehensive System (Exner, 2003) Structural Summary variables based on a modified Rorschach administration, while qualifying the meanings of these variables in light of the modified procedure.

Effect of nicotine on the structure of cochlea of guinea pigs.

Smoking has been positively associated with hearing loss in human. However, its effect on the cochlea has not been previously evaluated. Aim of work is to investigate the effect of nicotine, which is the primary pharmacological component of tobacco, on the structure of the cochlea of adult male guinea pigs.

Unplanned alcohol withdrawal: a survey of consecutive admissions to an acute medical unit in 2010 and 2011.

Background: Alcohol-related presentations to hospital have been increasing in the UK in recent years, including the occurrence of acute withdrawal. This study sought to better characterize the clinical features, patterns of treatment and outcomes in this patient group.

Methods: Patients admitted to the Acute Medical Unit of York Hospital due to acute alcohol withdrawal are normally treated according to a protocol that involves both fixed-dose and symptom-triggered drug administration.

Paul Lerner and the heart of assessment: a tale of three relations.

Psychodynamically oriented assessment using the Rorschach (Exner, 1974, 1978) or Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943) understands the testing situation as a 3-way interaction in which the examinee talks to the examiner about the inkblot or the TAT picture. In an attempt to define what is at the heart of assessment, I review the following permutations among these components: the participant and the test, the examiner and the participant, and the examiner and the test. In addition, I focus on some of Paul Lerner's contributions, especially on his unwavering stance regarding the importance of the examiner-examinee dimension as an information-gathering tool.

Cell preparation methods and criteria for sample adequacy. International Academy of Cytology Task Force summary. Diagnostic Cytology Towards the 21st Century: An International Expert Conference and Tutorial.

Issues: Cell Preparation Methods Standardized fixation and optimal staining Sampling of cervix, sampling error, homogenization of sample, subsampling Assessment of liquid-based preparations: efficacy and economic impact Training and transitional procedures before full implementation of new technologies Criteria for Sample Adequacy Clinician responsibility for collecting and providing representative sample to laboratory Collection instruments, number of slides Cellular content of samples: evidence of transformation zone (TZ) sampling, number of squamous cells present, obscuring factors Screening issues CONSENSUS POSITION The conventional cervical smear remains the standard method of cervical cancer screening but has limitations in individual test sensitivity and specificity. Sample takers should: (1) receive appropriate training in sample collection, (2) be held responsible for providing the laboratory with appropriate samples, and (3) have their performance monitored. The instruments used for sampling should collect cells from both the ectocervix and endocervix; optimally, TZ sampling, represented by the presence of endocervical or squamous metaplastic cells, should be identifiable in samples other than atrophic specimens.

PAPNET. The human and other dimensions.

Objective: To study the effect of specimen preparation and observer variation on the accuracy of interpretation of PAPNET images.

Study Design: The PAPNET scanner makes use of conventional Papanicolaou-stained smears and presents the cytologist with pictures of selected "abnormal" cells. This minitrial was designed to investigate the human variability in different grades of personnel and to consider any problems caused by the use of conventional smears.

Consistency of a double PAPNET scan of cervical smears.

Objective: To determine the reproducibility and accuracy of the PAPNET system in finding and presenting abnormal and atypical cells.

Study Design: To assess the potential variation of a double PAPNET scan on the same cervical smear, 516 cervical smears from women with abnormal histologic diagnoses were scanned twice via PAPNET and reviewed by two independent examiners in a double-blind trial.

Results: The false negative rate of 5.

Inter- and intra-observer variation in the reporting of cervical smears: specialist cytopathologists versus histopathologists.

One hundred and ten cervical smears were circulated to five specialist consultant cytopathologists and five consultant histopathologists. Of these smears, 100 were randomized and re-circulated. The cytopathologists reported endocervical cells and wart virus infection more frequently than the histopathologists, although neither group showed good inter-observer agreement for either assessment.

Health and cancer prevention: knowledge and beliefs of children and young people.

Objective: To collect information from children and young people about their knowledge of and attitudes towards cancer and their understanding of health and health related behaviours to inform future health promotion work.

Design: Questionnaire survey of 15-16 year olds, and interviews with play materials with 9-10 year old children.

Setting: Six inner city, suburban, and rural schools.

Interobserver variation in the diagnosis and grading of dyskaryosis in cervical smears: specialist cytopathologists compared with non-specialists.

Aims: To compare the assessment of dyskaryosis in cervical smears made by specialist consultant cytopathologists and consultant general histopathologists.

Methods: One hundred and ten cervical smears were circulated to 10 observers from five district general hospital histopathology departments and five major departments of cytopathology. Their responses were analysed by five consultant general histopathologists and five consultant specialist cytopathologists.

An analysis of the variation of human interpretation: Papnet a mini-challenge.

The Papnet was given a mini-challenge of 200 cervical smears loaded to 50% with varying degrees of abnormality as interpreted by the originating laboratory. The range of abnormality extended from 'atypia' to invasive cancer and a few 'glandular' lesions were included as were a few smears which had been reported as 'inadequate'. Three cytologists (two cytopathologists and one cytotechnologist) read and analysed the 128 monitor pictures per slide, selected by the Scanning Algorithm and Neural Network systems.

Semi-automated cervical smear pre-screening systems: an evaluation of the Cytoscan-110.

This paper reports a test of a system for provision of machine assistance in cervical cytology screening. The hypothesis tested was that if the results of examination by a screener of a small number of high-ploidy cells on specially prepared monolayers, automatically selected and presented by the system, were combined with machine measurement of cell and cell population characteristics, it would be possible to distinguish conditions requiring further action on the part of a cytology service from those in which the patient could safely be signed out. The system appeared broadly capable of this discrimination, with a false-negative error not significantly different (for the numbers tested) on CIN1 and more severe cases to that obtaining for routine screening of the parallel PAP smears, and also to results obtained by a panel of three observers.