Attosecond electron microscopy and diffraction.

Advances in attosecond spectroscopy have enabled tracing and controlling the electron motion dynamics in matter, although they have yielded insufficient information about the electron dynamic in the space domain. Hence, ultrafast electron and x-ray imaging tools have been developed to image the ultrafast dynamics of matter in real time and space. The cutting-edge temporal resolution of these imaging tools is on the order of a few tens to a hundred femtoseconds, limiting imaging to the atomic dynamics and leaving electron motion imaging out of reach.

Ultrafast optical switching and data encoding on synthesized light fields.

Modern electronics are founded on switching the electrical signal by radio frequency electromagnetic fields on the nanosecond time scale, limiting the information processing to the gigahertz speed. Recently, optical switches have been demonstrated using terahertz and ultrafast laser pulses to control the electrical signal and enhance the switching speed to the picosecond and a few hundred femtoseconds time scale. Here, we exploit the reflectivity modulation of the fused silica dielectric system in a strong light field to demonstrate the optical switching (ON/OFF) with attosecond time resolution.

Attosecond electronic delay response in dielectric materials.

The advancement in the attosecond field and the generation of XUV attosecond pulses has enabled the study of electron dynamics in the solid-state by high harmonic generation spectroscopy. Here, we introduce new all-optical attosecond metrology to study the light-field induced electron dynamics in dielectric systems. This new methodology is based on the phase transition of a dielectric material due to its interaction with a strong light field.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Comorbidities of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk Among a Working Population in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects a considerable proportion of adults globally and is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Given the lack of epidemiologic data on the burden of OSA in Kuwait, this study sought to estimate its prevalence, associated risk factors, and comorbid conditions among a working population in Kuwait. This was a cross-sectional study of a sample of working adults ( = 651) from public institutions in Kuwait.

Development and Validation of Scoring System to Predict Secondary Amputations in Free Flap Reconstruction.

Unlabelled: Need for amputation is a potential complication when limb salvage is attempted. The present study aimed to develop a risk assessment tool to predict the risk of future amputation when counseling patients about their reconstructive options.

Methods: All patients undergoing a free flap lower extremity soft tissue reconstruction by the senior author from 2005 to 2019 were retrospectively identified.

Telemedicine and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic and Directions for the Future.

Telemedicine holds vast amounts of potential in changing the way outpatient plastic and reconstructive surgery is practiced. Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, video conferencing was used by a small fraction of medical specialties. However, since the start of the pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the largest private health insurance companies have relaxed regulations to allow the majority of specialties to use video conferencing in lieu of in-person visits.

Abdominal Etching: Surgical Technique and Outcomes.

Background: The ideal body is characterized by a muscular physique and defined anterior abdominal wall. Despite diet and exercise, many are unable to achieve this desired result. Liposuction with abdominal etching is used to achieve high-definition abdominal aesthetics.

Iatrogenic Conchal Defect Secondary to Auricular Cartilage Graft.

Background: Cleft lip and palate are the most common craniofacial congenital malformations. Timing of the nasal repair remains somewhat controversial. Some authors perform a combined nasal and lip repair in infancy while others advocate for a staged repair with the nasal component occurring later in childhood.

Panniculectomy Outcomes in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease in Preparation for Renal Transplant.

Purpose: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors, electrolyte imbalances, and iron deficiency anemia. These factors may increase the risk of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing panniculectomy. There is a paucity of data regarding outcomes in patients with ESRD undergoing panniculectomy.

Abdominal Contouring Outcomes in Class III Obesity: Analysis of the ACS-NSQIP Database.

Background: Obesity may increase the risk of complications following abdominal contouring. The aim of this study is to evaluate panniculectomy outcomes in patients with class III obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m).

Methods: The American College of Surgeon's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program ACS-NSQIP (2010-2014) was used to identify patients who underwent panniculectomy.

Intravenous Glomus Tumor Masquerading as Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Neuroma.

Intravenous glomus tumors are extremely rare. We report a patient with an intravenous glomus tumor within a venous aneurysm misdiagnosed as a neuroma of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, based on clinical exam, electrodiagnostic studies, and findings on a magnetic resonance imaging neurogram. After surgical resection, the patient's symptoms, including pain and localized hypersensitivity, totally resolved.