Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Renal Functions and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes multiple kidney problems ultimately leading to renal failure, with a marked rise in the number of patients worldwide requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and death despite advancements in treatment; however, recent cardiovascular outcome trials have highlighted the potential benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular risks in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, leading to recommendations for their use following metformin in clinical guidelines. The meta-analysis was run on RevMan 5.

Button Gastrostomy Tubes for Pediatric Patients: A Tertiary Care Center Experience.

Results: Out of 34 patients who underwent gastrostomy tube insertion, 30 patients had their long tube replaced by a button gastrostomy. Majority were males ( = 18, 60%). Prolonged nasogastric tube feeding was the main indication of referral ( = 17, 56%) followed by feed intolerance ( = 6, 17%) and gastroesophageal reflux disease ( = 5, 16%).

High-grade vesicoureteral reflux in infants: Our experience with endoscopic subureteric injections.

Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common urological anomaly in pediatric patients. Management options for VUR vary from continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) to surgery via either endoscopic subureteric injection of a bulking agent or open anti-reflux surgery. In this study, we assess the efficacy of subureteric injections of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic acid Copolymer (Deflux) in managing primary VUR in infant patients with high-grade VUR.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children with sickle cell disease: A simple modified technique.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies are prevalent in Bahrain. In our hospital, we often encounter children with gallstones; sometimes gallstones are discovered on routine abdominal ultrasound, and in other cases, patients present with symptoms. Elective cholecystectomy has been controversial in patients with sickle cell disease and cholelithiasis because surgery can be a challenge.