AI models in clinical neonatology: a review of modeling approaches and a consensus proposal for standardized reporting of model performance.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing area with growing clinical applications in healthcare. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) produces large amounts of multidimensional data allowing AI and machine learning (ML) new avenues to improve early diagnosis, enhance monitoring, and provide highly-targeted treatment approaches. In this article, we review recent clinical applications of AI to important neonatal problems, including sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and others.

Comparing machine learning techniques for neonatal mortality prediction: insights from a modeling competition.

Background: Predicting mortality risk in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is challenging due to complex, variable clinical and physiological data. Machine learning (ML) offers potential for more accurate risk stratification.

Objective: To compare the performance of various ML models in predicting NICU mortality using a team-based modeling competition.

Readmissions after next-day discharge following transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Background: No data compare newer-generation transcatheter heart valves (THVs) in terms of next-day discharge (NDD) following transfemoral (TF) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the safety of NDD in unselected patients who received ACURATE (neo/neo2), Evolut (PRO/PRO+/FX) and the SAPIEN (3/Ultra) THVs.

Methods: This multicentre registry included patients who underwent TF-TAVI without a preprocedural permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) and were discharged the next day without a new PPI.

Technical insights of clean and sustainable photocatalytic concrete: A scientometric analysis-aided review.

Air quality has deteriorated rapidly in recent decades due to exponential economic growth, necessitating effective solutions to mitigate pollution. One promising approach is the use of photocatalytic concrete containing TiO, which, when activated by sunlight, can degrade various contaminants. This study provides a comprehensive scientometric-based review of research on photocatalytic concrete, focusing on literature published between 1997 and 2024.

Photonic lantern TIRF microscopy for highly efficient, uniform, artifact-free imaging.

We report a method for generating uniform, artifact-free total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) excitation via a photonic lantern. Our tapered waveguide, consisting of a multimode input and nine few-mode outputs, enables single-shot TIRF illumination from nine azimuthal directions simultaneously without the introduction of nonstationary devices. Utilizing the photonic lantern for multi-beam excitation provides a low-loss mechanism that supports a wide range of light sources, including high-coherence lasers and various wavelengths in the visible spectrum.

Pectoralis Major and Abdominis Rectus Musculocutaneous Flap Reconstruction for Sternal Wound Closure in Ectopia Cordis.

Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital condition resulting in extrathoracic positioning of the heart. The severity of presentation may vary with partial or complete displacement through sternal or diaphragmatic defects. Operative management is typically required, but due to the rarity of the condition, no standard exists for optimal closure.

The potential of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies to support a diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies are a frequently used diagnostic marker for autoimmune forms of diabetes mellitus (DM), namely, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We sought to provide insight into a unique diagnostic application of anti-GAD antibodies in patients potentially misdiagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We present a case series of patients who had a change in diagnosis from T2DM to autoimmune DM that was supported by positive anti-GAD antibodies.

Versatile platform of 3D/2D/1D:ZnFeO/NiAl-LDH/MWCNTs nanocomposite for photocatalytic purification of dinoseb and electrocatalytic O evolution reaction.

Integrating photocatalysis with electrocatalysis may represent a synergistic approach to address environmental and energy challenges. In this context, we explored synthesizing a series of nanocomposite materials using a solid-state approach involving simple grinding and subsequent thermal treatment for the photocatalytic purification of dinoseb and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution (OER). Interestingly, among the series of synthesized materials, 40 wt percentage of 3D/2D/1D:ZnFeO/NiAl-LDH/MWCNTs ternary nanocomposite (40-NZM) showed highly improved dinoseb detoxification and OER efficiencies compared to those of pure materials.

An Optimized Assessment Pathway for Remote Patients: The Vancouver Facilitated Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Program.

Background: Novel pathways are needed to accommodate the increasing demand for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and ensure equitable access. A single Vancouver Facilitated TAVI program (VFTP) based at St. Paul's and Vancouver General Hospitals was established to streamline the assessment of remote patients with severe aortic stenosis using virtual technologies.

Endocisternal interfaces for minimally invasive neural stimulation and recording of the brain and spinal cord.

Minimally invasive neural interfaces can be used to diagnose, manage and treat many disorders, with reduced risks of surgical complications. However, endovascular probes lack access to key cortical, subcortical and spinal targets, and are not typically explantable after endothelialization. Here we report the development and testing, in sheep, of endocisternal neural interfaces that approach brain and spinal cord targets through inner and outer spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Artificial intelligence-based morphologic classification and molecular characterization of neuroblastic tumors from digital histopathology.

A deep learning model using attention-based multiple instance learning (aMIL) and self-supervised learning (SSL) was developed to perform pathologic classification of neuroblastic tumors and assess MYCN-amplification status using H&E-stained whole slide images from the largest reported cohort to date. The model showed promising performance in identifying diagnostic category, grade, mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI), and MYCN-amplification with validation on an external test dataset, suggesting potential for AI-assisted neuroblastoma classification.

Effective regional anesthesia for pediatric surgical care.

This review highlights the significant role of pediatric regional anesthesia in optimizing perioperative care and improving surgical outcomes. We examine common local anesthetics, adjuvant medications, and techniques. Safety, efficacy, adverse events, and controversies are addressed while spotlighting the broad utility of regional anesthesia to contribute to better outcomes and quality of life for pediatric surgical patients and their families.

"β-glucan signalling stimulates NOX-2 dependent autophagy and LC-3 associated autophagy (LAP) pathway".

β-Glucan, a complex polysaccharide derived from fungal and yeast cell walls, plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses through their interaction with receptors such as Dectin-1 and Complement receptor 3 (CR-3). This review provides an in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which β-glucans activate receptor-mediated signalling pathways, focusing particularly on the LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) and autophagy pathways. Hence, we explore how β-glucan receptor engagement stimulates NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX-2), leading to the intracellular production of significant level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) essential for both conventional autophagy and LAP.

Recoverable and reusable light-induced multi-arm azobenzenes-FeO hybrid sorbent for enrichment of phthalate plasticizer and utilized as a SALDI substrate for the detection of 2-naphthol.

The construction, structural identifications along with compositional properties, using TEM, FT-IR, and XPS spectroscopies, of an innovative light-induced multi-arm azobenzenes based FeO magnetic nanoparticles (Azo-FeO MNPs) are being reported. Such organic (light-sensitive dendrimers-like structure), inorganic (magnet core), hybrid material has been applied as an efficient recoverable/reusable extractive sorbent for the detection of phthalate plasticizers from acetate buffer solution. The extraction study was controlled within consecutive procedures via UV-light exposure to achieve pore-size control which then further subjected for the evaluation of the analytes' retention, separation, and release as well as the detection of the phthalate pollutants using GCMS-.

Chemical synthesis, in vitro testing and in silico Nampt-based molecular docking of novel aniline aromatic ring-substituted 2-Aminothiazole analogues.

The heterocyclic 2-Aminothiazoles scaffolds are used in a wide range of therapeutic applications against various diseases for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer actions. In the present study, we synthesized novel aniline aromatic ring-substituted 2-Aminothiazole derivatives. Molecular docking was performed using Glide module of the Schrödinger Suite to fit compounds JG-49, JG-62, and KBA-18 against the Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) enzyme, an intracellular regulator of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) redox cofactor involved in energy metabolism and epigenetics and are implicated in aging and metabolic diseases.

Transforming the electronic health record from a documentation application to an automated diet program for personalizing neonatal nutrition and improving feeding administration safety through process improvement.

Delivering adequate nutrition to preterm and sick neonates is critical for growth. Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require additional calories to supplement feedings for higher metabolic demands. Traditionally, clinicians enter free-text diet orders for a milk technician to formulate recipes, and dietitians manually calculate nutrition components to monitor growth.

Disparity landscapes of viral-induced structural variations in HCC: Mechanistic characterization and functional implications.

Background And Aims: HCC is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is a common malignancy worldwide. About half of all new liver cancers worldwide each year occur in China, including Hong Kong, due to a high prevalence of HBV infection. HBV DNA integrates into the human genome, disrupting the endogenous tumor suppressors/regulatory genes or enhancing the activity of proto-oncogenes.

Investigation of propranolol hydrochloride adsorption onto pyrolyzed residues from Bactris guineensis through physics statistics modeling.

In this study, PROP adsorption was investigated using activated carbon derived from Bactris Guineensis residues and physical statistical modeling. The characterization results indicate high specific surface areas (624.72 and 1125.

Elucidating the effect of levothyroxine and triiodothyronine on methylglyoxal derived stress.

Purpose: Methylglyoxal (MG) is the most potent precursor during the formation of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MG-dependent glycative stress contributes to pathogenesis of diabetes, age-related disorders, and cancer. There is a great need to study the reduction process of glycative stress for effective management of metabolic disorders.