Transcriptomics profiling of the non-small cell lung cancer microenvironment across disease stages reveals dual immune cell-type behaviors.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with poor survival despite recent therapeutic advances. A better understanding of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment is needed to improve patients' outcome.

Methods: We applied a computational immunology approach (involving immune cell proportion estimation by deconvolution, transcription factor activity inference, pathways and immune scores estimations) in order to characterize bulk transcriptomics of 62 primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples from patients across disease stages.

More than fun and games: Problematic sports betting and its adverse impact on mental health and well-being in young adults.

Background: The rapid rise in sports betting, especially among young adults (age 18-29), necessitates identifying health correlates of this addictive behavior. The present study examined associations between problem sports betting symptoms and mental health and well-being, which represents a timely literature gap.

Method: The sample was 221 young adult sport bettors from 36 different states (M = 24.

Efficacy of in-person versus digital enhanced lifestyle interventions in adults with overweight and obesity.

Background: Lifestyle interventions (LIs) are the cornerstone for obesity management. The Mayo Clinic Diet (MCD) offers two approaches for LIs: the In-Person LI (IPLI) and the Digital Enhanced LI (DELI). The IPLI includes a 2-day in-person program with monthly follow-ups, whereas the DELI provides on-demand digital tools.

Glucagon-like Receptor-1 agonists for obesity: Weight loss outcomes, tolerability, side effects, and risks.

Background: This review investigates the side effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) like liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, medications known for their efficacy in promoting weight loss among individuals with obesity. The rationale is rooted in understanding the balance between their therapeutic benefits and associated risks.

Methods: This was a comprehensive clinical review, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and cohort studies.

Users remain overlooked: Shared decision-making processes for people with anxiety disorders.

Unlabelled: WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Patients do not always receive enough information about their diagnosis and their perceived participation in decision-making about their treatment is low. Some participants reported feeling very uncertain when the physician invited them to choose between these options. Others users expressed their satisfaction with the trend away from paternalistic attitudes in the health system.

Relation between air quality and asthma in high-altitude places, La Paz, Bolivia (3,600 m a.s.l.).

Introduction. Asthma is a chronic disease affecting millions of people around the world. Air quality is a major factor in triggering asthma symptoms.

"Sustaining the burden". A qualitative study on the emotional impact and social functioning of family caregivers of patients with psychosis.

Evidence shows that caring for a family member with a psychotic disorder generates a significant emotional impact and repercussions on social functioning. However, this caregiving experience can be influenced by cultural factors. The aim of this study is to explore the experience and perception of a group of family caregivers of patients with psychotic disorders of different durations regarding the emotional and social functioning repercussions of caregiving on them in Andalusia.

A Mixed Methods Investigation Examining the PrEP Cascade Among 13-18-Year-Old Latino Adolescent Sexual Minority Men.

Latino adolescent sexual minority men (ASMM) are at high risk of HIV. Limited research has explored the impact of parent-adolescent communication and beliefs on PrEP adoption among Latino ASMM. Our objective was to examine how parental support and beliefs influence decisions regarding PrEP use.

Unraveling the Variability of Human Satiation: Implications for Precision Obesity Management.

Satiation is the physiologic process that regulates meal size and termination, and it is quantified by the calories consumed to reach satiation. Given its role in energy intake, changes in satiation contribute to obesity's pathogenesis. Our study employed a protocolized approach to study the components of food intake regulation including a standardized breakfast, a gastric emptying study, appetite sensation testing, and a satiation measurement by an test.

Preparation of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on Polyethylene Terephthalate Platform Using Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization for Tartrazine Analysis via Smartphone.

This work describes the preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) platform on polyethylene terephthalate (MIP-PET) via RAFT polymerization for analyzing tartrazine using a smartphone. The MIP-PET platform was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and confocal microscopy. The optimal pH and adsorption time conditions were determined.

Factors Influencing Engagement Across the Motivational PrEP Cascade Among Latino SMM: A Mixed-Methods Analysis from the Perspectives of Community Providers and Latino SMM.

Latino sexual minority men (SMM) are a highly vulnerable population to HIV, and while pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has emerged as a promising biomedical tool for HIV prevention among them, its utilization remains disproportionately low in this community despite its potential. Understanding the barriers along the PrEP continuum of care, known as the "PrEP cascade," is crucial for effectively implementing PrEP interventions. Therefore, the objective of our study was twofold: first, to explore the stage of Latino SMM in the PrEP cascade by examining disparities in demographics, social factors, and healthcare aspects; second, to gain insights from healthcare providers who have direct clinical experience with our population regarding the challenges faced by Latino SMM in accessing and adhering to PrEP.

Weight loss outcomes with semaglutide based on diabetes severity using the individualized metabolic surgery score.

Background: Semaglutide demonstrated inferior weight loss responses in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to patients with obesity without T2D. The individualized metabolic surgery (IMS) score was validated to predict T2D remission after bariatric surgery. The parameters of the IMS are HbA1c (<7%), insulin use, T2D medications and T2D duration.

Diverse material properties and morphology of moth proboscises relates to the feeding habits of some macromoth and other lepidopteran lineages.

Insects have evolved unique structures that host a diversity of material and mechanical properties, and the mouthparts (proboscis) of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are no exception. Here, we examined proboscis morphology and material properties from several previously unstudied moth lineages to determine if they relate to flower visiting and non-flower visiting feeding habits. Scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional imaging were used to study proboscis morphology and assess surface roughness patterns on the galeal surface, respectively.

Variants in in a hospital-based cohort in Chile and national literature review.

Purpose: The aim was to assess the diagnostic yield of next generation sequencing (NGS) multi-gene panels for breast and ovarian cancer in a high-complexity cancer centre in Chile. Additionally, our goal was to broaden the genotypic spectrum of BRCA variants already identified in Chilean families.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on the genetic test results of 722 individuals from Fundación Arturo López Pérez's genetic counselling unit between 2016 and 2021.

Menopause transition and cardiovascular disease risk.

The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) notably increases in the fifth decade of a woman's life, coinciding with the onset of menopause and occurring 10 years later than the similar age-related increase in men. Menopause marks a significant transition in a woman's life and is accompanied by cardiometabolic changes, including a shift in body composition, increased blood pressure, disruptions in lipoproteins, and insulin resistance. There is increasing evidence that the menopause transition is a risk factor for CVD, independent of age-related changes, especially considering that the earlier the onset of menopause, the greater is the CVD risk.

Rural-Urban Differences in HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Service Utilization Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males in the United States.

In the United States, HIV prevalence is increasing in rural areas, specifically among rural adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM). However, it is unclear what HIV sexual risk behaviors rural ASMM engage in and what HIV preventative services they utilize. This study aimed to (1) document the lifetime HIV sexual risk behaviors and service utilization of rural ASMM and (2) compare rural-urban differences in the prevalence of HIV sexual risk behaviors and service utilization.

Weight-centric prevention of cancer.

Background: The link between excess adiposity and carcinogenesis has been well established for multiple malignancies, and cancer is one of the main contributors to obesity-related mortality. The potential role of different weight-loss interventions on cancer risk modification has been assessed, however, its clinical implications remain to be determined. In this clinical review, we present the data assessing the effect of weight loss interventions on cancer risk.

Weight loss response to semaglutide in postmenopausal women with and without hormone therapy use.

Objective: To compare weight loss response and changes in cardiometabolic risk markers in postmenopausal women using semaglutide with and without menopause hormone therapy (HT) use.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of postmenopausal women treated with semaglutide for overweight or obesity for ≥3 months. Endpoints: total body weight loss percentage (TBWL%) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after semaglutide initiation; and percentage of women achieving ≥5% and ≥10% TBWL and changes in cardiometabolic risk markers (glucose, blood pressure, and lipids) at 12 months.

Weight Gain in Midlife Women.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize the evidence and clinical implications of weight and body composition changes during midlife in women and provide an overview of weight gain prevention and management in this population.

Recent Findings: Aging-related changes such as decreased energy expenditure and physical activity are important culprits for weight gain in midlife women. The hormonal changes of menopause also influence body adiposity distribution and increase central adiposity.

Leptin-Melanocortin pathway variants and gastric emptying in patients with obesity.

Background: Accelerated gastric emptying (GE) is a trait seen in obesity. Mutations in the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin 4 receptor (Leptin-MC4R) pathway have been associated with obesity. We sought to investigate the association of leptin-MC4R pathway variants and GE in patients with obesity.

Weight loss and cardiovascular disease risk outcomes of semaglutide: a one-year multicentered study.

Background/objective: There are limited real-world studies assessing semaglutide weight loss and associated comorbidity and metabolic outcomes over periods ≥ 6 months. We aim to assess weight loss, metabolic, and cardiovascular outcomes of 12 months of semaglutide.

Subject/methods: We conducted a multicentered retrospective cohort study on semaglutide use.

Low Incidence of Pulmonary Aspiration During Upper Endoscopy in Patients Prescribed a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have transformed the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. These agents have been associated with varying degrees of delay in gastric emptying, and a significant proportion of patients experience digestive side effects. There have been previous case reports of gastric retention of food and pulmonary aspiration during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in the setting of GLP-1 receptor agonist use; however, the cumulative incidence has not been previously explored.

The relation between excess adiposity and breast cancer in women: Clinical implications and management.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. While the combination of improved screening, earlier detection, and advances in therapeutics has resulted in lower BC mortality, BC survivors are now increasingly dying of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease in the leading cause of non-cancer related mortality among BC survivors.