Minimal Clinically Important Differences With the Outcomes of the App-Based Japanese Allergic Conjunctival Diseases Quality of Life Questionnaire: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Background: Assessing changes in quality of life in patients with hay fever-related allergic conjunctivitis requires validated and clinically meaningful metrics. A minimal clinically important difference (MCID) that can be applied to assess Domain II of the Japanese Allergic Conjunctival Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (JACQLQ) in a smartphone app setting has yet to be determined.

Objective: This cross-sectional observational study aimed to determine MCIDs for the app-based JACQLQ in assessing hay fever-related allergic conjunctivitis.

Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Outpatient Visits for Diabetic Retinopathy in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Long-term ramifications of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on various care-seeking characteristics of patients with diabetic retinopathy remain unclear. This study aimed to identify risk factors for dropout from regular fundus examinations (RFEs) in patients with diabetic retinopathy in Japan.

Methods: We extracted demographic and health checkup data (April 2018 to March 2021) from the JMDC database.

Clinical Utility of Smartphone Applications in Ophthalmology: A Systematic Review.

Topic: Numerous smartphone applications have been devised for diagnosis, treatment, and symptom management in ophthalmology. Despite the importance of systematic evaluation of the purpose, target disease, effectiveness, and utility of smartphone applications to their effective utilization, few studies have formally evaluated their validity, reliability, and clinical utility.

Clinical Relevance: This report identifies smartphone applications with potential for clinical implementation in ophthalmology and summarizes the evidence on their practical utility.

Clinical utility of maximum blink interval measured by smartphone application DryEyeRhythm to support dry eye disease diagnosis.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has emphasized the paucity of non-contact and non-invasive methods for the objective evaluation of dry eye disease (DED). However, robust evidence to support the implementation of mHealth- and app-based biometrics for clinical use is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of app-based maximum blink interval (MBI) measurements using DryEyeRhythm and equivalent traditional techniques in providing an accessible and convenient diagnosis.

Smartphone App-Based and Paper-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Using a Disease-Specific Questionnaire for Dry Eye Disease: Randomized Crossover Equivalence Study.

Background: Using traditional patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as paper-based questionnaires, is cumbersome in the era of web-based medical consultation and telemedicine. Electronic PROs may reduce the burden on patients if implemented widely. Considering promising reports of DryEyeRhythm, our in-house mHealth smartphone app for investigating dry eye disease (DED) and the electronic and paper-based Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) should be evaluated and compared to determine their equivalency.

Symptom-based stratification algorithm for heterogeneous symptoms of dry eye disease: a feasibility study.

Background/objective: To test the feasibility of a dry eye disease (DED) symptom stratification algorithm previously established for the general population among patients visiting ophthalmologists.

Subject/methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2015 and October 2021 at a university hospital in Japan; participants who underwent a comprehensive DED examination and completed the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (J-OSDI) were included. Patients diagnosed with DED were stratified into seven clusters using a previously established symptom-based stratification algorithm for DED.

P4 Medicine for Heterogeneity of Dry Eye: A Mobile Health-based Digital Cohort Study.

During the 5 Science, Technology, and Innovation Basic Plan, the Japanese government proposed a novel societal concept -Society 5.0- that promoted a healthcare system characterized by its capability to provide unintrusive, predictive, longitudinal care through the integration of cyber and physical space. The role of Society 5.

Prevalence and characteristics of dry eye disease in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We investigated and characterized the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in Parkinson's disease (PD). PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies between January 1, 1979 and March 10, 2022. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.

Biological effects of stored platelet-rich plasma eye-drops in corneal wound healing.

Background/aims: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and sterility of stored platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye-drops for corneal epithelial wound healing compared with those of autologous serum (AS) eye-drops.

Methods: At our single institution, PRP and AS eye-drops were prepared using peripheral blood obtained from six healthy volunteers and stored at 4°C. Platelet and leucocyte counts and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and fibronectin levels were assessed during storage for up to 4 weeks.

Characteristics and Clinical Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Acute Corneal Graft Rejection after Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review.

This study aimed to determine the characteristics and clinical ocular manifestations of acute corneal graft rejection after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. We conducted an online search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Data on recipients' characteristics, corneal transplantation types, interval between vaccination and allograft rejection, clinical manifestations, and graft rejection medication were extracted.

Prevalence of Comorbidity between Dry Eye and Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review aimed to determine the comorbid dry eye (DE) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC) prevalence. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for articles published until 22 March 2022, combining the terms "(dry eye OR keratoconjunctivitis sicca) AND allergic conjunctivitis." Study-specific estimates (DE and AC incidence rates among patients with AC and DE, respectively) were combined using the one-group meta-analysis in a random-effects model.

Anti-CD80/86 antibodies inhibit inflammatory reaction and improve graft survival in a high-risk murine corneal transplantation rejection model.

We investigated the effects of anti-CD80/86 antibodies in a murine high-risk corneal transplantation rejection model. A mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was conducted with anti-CD80/86 antibodies. Inflammatory cytokine levels in the culture supernatant were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Application of Animal Models in Interpreting Dry Eye Disease.

Different pathophysiologic mechanisms are involved in the initiation, development, and outcome of dry eye disease (DED). Animal models have proven valuable and efficient in establishing ocular surface microenvironments that mimic humans, thus enabling better understanding of the pathogenesis. Several dry eye animal models, including lacrimal secretion insufficiency, evaporation, neuronal dysfunction, and environmental stress models, are related to different etiological factors.

Smartphone-based digital phenotyping for dry eye toward P4 medicine: a crowdsourced cross-sectional study.

Multidimensional integrative data analysis of digital phenotyping is crucial for elucidating the pathologies of multifactorial and heterogeneous diseases, such as the dry eye (DE). This crowdsourced cross-sectional study explored a novel smartphone-based digital phenotyping strategy to stratify and visualize the heterogenous DE symptoms into distinct subgroups. Multidimensional integrative data were collected from 3,593 participants between November 2016 and September 2019.

Role of Immune Cell Diversity and Heterogeneity in Corneal Graft Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Corneal transplantation is one of the most successful forms of solid organ transplantation; however, immune rejection is still a major cause of corneal graft failure. Both innate and adaptive immunity play a significant role in allograft tolerance. Therefore, immune cells, cytokines, and signal-transduction pathways are critical therapeutic targets.

Ex Vivo-Induced Bone Marrow-Derived Myeloid Suppressor Cells Prevent Corneal Allograft Rejection in Mice.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of ex vivo-induced bone marrow myeloid-derived suppressor cells (BM-MDSCs) on allogeneic immune responses in corneal transplantation.

Methods: Bone marrow cells from C57BL/6J (B6) mice were cultured with IL-6 and GM-CSF for four days. The ex vivo induction of the BM-MDSCs was assessed using flow cytometry, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and nitric oxide (NO) production in allogeneic stimulation.

Topical administration of the kappa opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine suppresses corneal neovascularization and inflammation.

Corneal neovascularization (CNV) causes higher-order aberrations, corneal edema, ocular inflammation, and corneal transplant rejection, thereby decreasing visual acuity. In this study, we investigated the effects of topical administration of the kappa opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine (TRK-820) on CNV. To induce CNV, intrastromal corneal sutures were placed on the corneal stroma of BALB/c mice for 2 weeks.

Heterogeneity of eye drop use among symptomatic dry eye individuals in Japan: large-scale crowdsourced research using DryEyeRhythm application.

Purpose: To determine eye drop type and usage frequency and investigate risk factors for no eye drop use in individuals with symptomatic dry eye (DE) in Japan.

Study Design: Crowdsourced observational study.

Methods: This study was conducted using the DryEyeRhythm smartphone application between November 2016 and September 2019.

Novel immunotherapeutic effects of topically administered ripasudil (K-115) on corneal allograft survival.

Corneal allograft survival is mediated by the variety of immunological reactions and wound healing process. Our aim was to explore the effects of topical administration of ripasudil, a selective Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase inhibitor, on corneal allograft survival. Ripasudil was administered to mice thrice a day after allogeneic corneal transplantation.

Diagnostic ability of maximum blink interval together with Japanese version of Ocular Surface Disease Index score for dry eye disease.

Various symptoms of the dry eye disease (DED) interfere with the quality of life and reduce work productivity. Therefore, screening, prevention, and treatment of DED are important. We aimed to investigate the potential diagnostic ability of the maximum blink interval (MBI) (the length of time participants could keep their eyes open) with disease-specific questionnaire for DED.

Using Medical Big Data to Develop Personalized Medicine for Dry Eye Disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, multifactorial ocular surface disorder with multiple etiologies that results in tear film instability. Globally, the prevalence of DED is expected to increase with an aging society and daily use of digital devices. Unfortunately, the medical field is currently unprepared to meet the medical needs of patients with DED.

Comparing the Japanese Version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index and Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score for Dry Eye Symptom Assessment.

The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) between the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (J-OSDI) and the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS). A total of 169 participants were enrolled between September 2017 and May 2018. Patients were administered the J-OSDI and DEQS questionnaires at their first (baseline) and follow-up visits to evaluate DED-related symptoms.