Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) as harm reduction: a qualitative study exploring views of women with histories of opioid misuse.

Background: The sharp rise in opioid use disorder (OUD) among women coupled with disproportionally high rates of unintended pregnancy have led to a four-fold increase in the number of pregnant women with OUD in the United States over the past decade. Supporting intentional family planning can have multiple health benefits and reduce harms related to OUD but requires a comprehensive understanding of women's perspectives of preventing unintended pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and experiences as they relate to seeking contraception, particularly LARCs, among women with active or recovered opioid misuse.

Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis May Be an Alternative to Arthroscopic Repair for SLAP Tears in Patients Under 30.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to compare the outcomes of open subpectoral biceps tenodesis (BT) to arthroscopic repair (AR) for SLAP tears in patients under the age of 30 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients under the age of 30 years who underwent either isolated BT or AR for a diagnosis of a SLAP tear between 2011 and 2019 was performed. Patients were included if they were >16 years old at the time of surgery, had an isolated SLAP tear involving instability of the biceps-labral anchor (types II-IV), were skeletally mature, and had a minimum follow-up of 12 months.

Management of Patellar Instability: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

Background: Multiple surgical options exist for the treatment of patellar instability; however, the most common procedures involve either a reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) or a repair/plication of the MPFL and medial soft tissues.

Purpose: To perform a network meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the literature to compare MPFL reconstruction, MPFL repair, and nonoperative management for patellar instability.

Study Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1.

Anterior Shoulder Instability Part I-Diagnosis, Nonoperative Management, and Bankart Repair-An International Consensus Statement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish consensus statements via a modified Delphi process on the diagnosis, nonoperative management, and Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A consensus process on the treatment using a modified Delphi technique was conducted, with 65 shoulder surgeons from 14 countries across 5 continents participating. Experts were assigned to one of 9 working groups defined by specific subtopics of interest within anterior shoulder instability.

Anterior Shoulder Instability Part II-Latarjet, Remplissage, and Glenoid Bone-Grafting-An International Consensus Statement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish consensus statements via a modified Delphi process on the Latarjet procedure, remplissage, and glenoid-bone grafting for anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A consensus process on the treatment utilizing a modified Delphi technique was conducted, with 65 shoulder surgeons from 14 countries across 5 continents participating. Experts were assigned to one of 9 working groups defined by specific subtopics of interest within anterior shoulder instability.

Anterior Shoulder Instability Part III-Revision Surgery, Rehabilitation and Return to Play, and Clinical Follow-Up-An International Consensus Statement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish consensus statements via a modified Delphi process on revision surgery, rehabilitation and return to play, and clinical follow-up for anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A consensus process on the treatment using a modified Delphi technique was conducted, with 65 shoulder surgeons from 14 countries across 5 continents participating. Experts were assigned to one of 9 working groups defined by specific subtopics of interest within anterior shoulder instability.

Provider Perspectives on Navigating Relationship Challenges in Assisting HIV-Affected Couples to Meet Their Reproductive Goals: Lessons Learned from a Safer Conception Counseling Intervention in Uganda.

In Uganda, 60% of HIV-affected couples are serodiscordant, many of whom want children. There is a need to assess their reproductive intentions and provide appropriate services that limit transmission risks while meeting reproductive goals. Our Choice intervention engaged male and female HIV-infected clients and their partners in safer conception counseling (SCC) or family planning based on their childbearing decision.

Breast cancer incidence and early diagnosis in a family history risk and prevention clinic: 33-year experience in 14,311 women.

Purpose: Women at increased familial breast cancer risk have been offered screening starting at an earlier age and increased frequency than national Screening Programmes for over 30 years. There are limited data on longer-term largescale implementation of this approach on cancer diagnosis.

Methods: Women at our institution at ≥ 17% lifetime breast cancer risk have been offered enhanced screening with annual mammography starting at age 35 or 5-years younger than youngest affected relative, with upper age limit 50 for moderate and 60 for high-risk.

Posterior glenoid bone block transfer for posterior shoulder instability: a systematic review.

Background: The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature and evaluate patient-reported outcomes and complication/revision rates of bone block augmentation in the treatment of posterior shoulder instability (PSI).

Methods: PubMed was searched according to PRIMSA guidelines to find clinical studies evaluating patient-reported outcomes, revision, and complication rates in posterior bone block for PSI. A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines.

Challenges in genetic testing: clinician variant interpretation processes and the impact on clinical care.

Purpose: Efforts have been made to standardize laboratory variant interpretation, but clinicians are ultimately tasked with clinical correlation and application of genetic test results in patient care. This study aimed to explore processes clinicians utilize when reviewing and returning genetic test results, and how they impact patient care.

Methods: Medical geneticists, genetic counselors, and nongenetics clinicians from two Midwestern states completed surveys (n = 98) and in-depth interviews (n = 29) on practices of reviewing and returning genetic test results.

Huntingtin and the Synapse.

Huntington disease (HD) is a monogenic disease that results in a combination of motor, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. HD is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin () gene, which results in the production of a pathogenic mutant HTT protein (mHTT). Although there is no cure at present for HD, a number of RNA-targeting therapies have recently entered clinical trials which aim to lower mHTT production through the use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and RNAi.

Excellent Clinical Outcomes and Rates of Return to Play After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair for Traumatic Tears in Athletes Aged 30 Years or Less.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes and rate of return to play (RTP) among athletes aged 30 years or younger who have undergone an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) after trauma.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent an ARCR with a minimum of 12 months' follow-up between 2012 and 2019. Patients were followed up to assess the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Subjective Shoulder Value, visual analog scale score, and satisfaction level.

Developing a complex intervention targeting antipsychotic prescribing to nursing home residents with dementia.

: Antipsychotics are commonly prescribed to people living with dementia in nursing home settings, despite strong guideline recommendations against their use except in limited circumstances. We aimed to transparently describe the development process for a complex intervention targeting appropriate requesting and prescribing of antipsychotics to nursing home residents with dementia in Ireland, by nurses and general practitioners (GPs) respectively. : We report the development process for the 'Rationalising Antipsychotic Prescribing in Dementia' (RAPID) complex intervention, in accordance with the 'Guidance for reporting intervention development studies in health research' (GUIDED) checklist.

Transosseous-Equivalent/Suture Bridge Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Combination With Late Postoperative Mobilization Yield Optimal Outcomes and Retear Rate: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform a network meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the literature in order to assess the evidence defining the optimal combination of surgical technique single-row repair (SRR), double-row repair (DRR), or transosseous-equivalent/suture bridge (TOE/SB) arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) and postoperative rehabilitation (early or late) protocol for ARCR.

Methods: The literature search was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Randomized SSR-early trials (RCTs) comparing SRR vs DRR vs TOE/SB ARCR techniques were included, as well as early vs late postoperative range of motion.

Recovering from substance use disorders during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods longitudinal study of women in Kansas City.

Aims: During the early months of the U.S. COVID-19 outbreak, women suffered disproportionate burdens of pandemic-related psychological and economic distress.

Prohibitin 1 is essential to preserve mitochondria and myelin integrity in Schwann cells.

In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells form myelin and provide trophic support to axons. We previously showed that the mitochondrial protein prohibitin 2 can localize to the axon-Schwann-cell interface and is required for developmental myelination. Whether the homologous protein prohibitin 1 has a similar role, and whether prohibitins also play important roles in Schwann cell mitochondria is unknown.

No Difference in Outcomes Following Osteochondral Allograft with Fresh Precut Cores Compared to Hemi-Condylar Allografts.

Objective: The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes at early to midterm follow-up between fresh precut cores versus hemi-condylar osteochondral allograft (OCAs) in the treatment of symptomatic osteochondral lesions.

Design: A retrospective review of patients who underwent an OCA was performed. Patient matching between those with OCA harvested from an allograft condyle/patella or a fresh precut allograft core was performed to generate 2 comparable groups.

Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Rugby Players Undergoing Shoulder Stabilization for Glenohumeral Instability: Professionals Have Higher Frequencies of More Pathologies.

Purpose: To quantify the magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) findings in rugby players during preoperative workup for anterior surgical stabilization for glenohumeral instability.

Methods: All patients who underwent glenohumeral instability surgery in our institution between 2008 and 2018 were considered for inclusion. Rugby players were identified using the patient's medical notes, with subsequent identification of all professional players.

Return to Play After Patellar Tendon Autograft for Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Rugby Players.

Background: There is scant literature on outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in rugby players, and no prior study has evaluated the outcomes of bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: To assess the rate of return to play, the timing of that return, and the subsequent graft reinjury rate among rugby players after ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft.

Methods: The ACL registry at a single hospital was screened for professional and amateur rugby players who had undergone a primary ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft.

Loss of Mafb and Maf distorts myeloid cell ratios and disrupts fetal mouse testis vascularization and organogenesis†.

Testis differentiation is initiated when Sry in pre-Sertoli cells directs the gonad toward a male-specific fate. Sertoli cells are essential for testis development, but cell types within the interstitial compartment, such as immune and endothelial cells, are also critical for organ formation. Our previous work implicated macrophages in fetal testis morphogenesis, but little is known about genes underlying immune cell development during organogenesis.

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow at minimum 48-month mean follow-up demonstrates excellent clinical outcomes with low complication and revision rates: systematic review.

Importance: Tears of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow occur predominantly as an overuse injury, most commonly affecting throwing athletes, particularly baseball players. UCL reconstruction (UCLR) has been described as an effective treatment modality in the short term.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the evidence in the literature to ascertain the clinical outcomes, complication and revision rates in baseball players following UCLR of the elbow at a minimum of 48 months of follow-up.

Open Latarjet Procedure in Athletes Following Failed Prior Instability Surgery Results in Lower Rates of Return to Play.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of open Latarjet (OL) in competitive athletes with primary shoulder instability versus those with recurrent instability versus those undergoing OL for failed prior instability surgery.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent OL with a minimum of 24-month follow-up was performed. Additionally, these were pair-matched in a 1:2:1 ratio for age, gender, sport, level of preoperative play, and follow-up length for primary instability, recurrent instability and failed prior instability surgery.

"Our Choice" improves use of safer conception methods among HIV serodiscordant couples in Uganda: a cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating two implementation approaches.

Background: Safer conception counseling (SCC) to promote the use of safer conception methods (SCM) is not yet part of routine family planning or HIV care. Guidelines for the use of SCM have been published, but to date there are no published controlled evaluations of SCC. Furthermore, it is unknown whether standard methods commonly used in resource constrained settings to integrate new services would be sufficient, or if enhanced training and supervision would result in a more efficacious approach to implementing SCC.

Immobilisation in external rotation after first-time traumatic anterior shoulder instability reduces recurrent instability: a meta-analysis.

Importance: Cadaveric and MRI findings have demonstrated significantly less labral separation and displacement when the shoulder is placed in external rotation as compared with internal rotation.

Objective: The purpose of the current study is to meta-analyse the randomised controlled trials in the literature to compare immobilisation in external versus internal rotation after first-time anterior shoulder dislocation.

Evidence Review: A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.