Statin Use in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Comprehensive Analysis of the New York City Public Hospital System.

Introduction: Statins have been commonly used for primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. We hypothesized that statins may improve in-hospital outcomes for hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its known anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at the largest municipal health care system in the United States, including adult patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 1 and December 1, 2020.

Eosinopenia and COVID-19.

Context: Early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and patient isolation are important for both individual patient care and disease containment. The diagnosis is confirmed by testing for the presence of nasopharyngeal viral RNA with a polymerase chain reaction assay, which has limited availability, variable turnaround time, and a high false-negative rate. The authors report that a rapid laboratory test, the eosinophil count, readily obtained from a routine complete blood cell count (CBC), may provide actionable clinical information to aid in the early recognition of COVID-19 in patients, as well as provide prognostic information.

The clinical endocrinology workforce: current status and future projections of supply and demand.

Context: Many changes in health care delivery, health legislation, and the physician workforce that affect the supply and demand for endocrinology services have occurred since the first published workforce study of adult endocrinologists in 2003.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the current adult endocrinology workforce data and provide the first analysis of the pediatric endocrinology workforce and to project the supply of and demand for endocrinologists through 2025.

Design: A workforce model was developed from an analysis of proprietary and publicly available databases, consultation with a technical expert panel, and the results of an online survey of board-certified endocrinologists.

AACE/ACE disease state commentary: molecular diagnostic testing of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytopathology.

• Approximately 10 to 25% of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies yield an indeterminate result often labeled as atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) or follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN). The risk of malignancy typically varies between 15 and 30% for these categories. • Although many markers are in development and have been studied in a research setting, 2 principal tests are currently marketed for use to improve the malignancy risk assessment of "indeterminate" thyroid nodules.

Potential benefit of hormonal therapy for non-uterine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) - a case report and literature review.

The expression of hormone receptors (HR) is considered a good prognostic marker in uterine sarcoma. Hormonal therapy is widely employed in the therapy of HR positive breast and gynecologic cancers, however, there is little information concerning hormonal therapy in HR positive extrauterine sarcoma. A 55-60 year age group female presented with an estrogen receptor positive metastatic retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (LMS).

Related case report: in vivo suppression of thyrotropin by 9-cis retinoic acid.

Treatment of a 48-year-old woman with advanced cervical cancer with the synthetic vitamin A derivative, 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA), resulted in thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression without clinical evidence of thyrotoxicosis, which resolved spontaneously when the drug was withdrawn. 9cRA, which is a pan-retinoid (RAR and RXR) agonist, has previously been implicated in induction of interactions between the thyroid receptor and the retinoid receptor, RXR, with endocrine target organ specificity. Furthermore, 9cRA has been shown to down-regulate thyroid-stimulating hormone messenger RNA in a pituitary-specific fashion in a murine model, a finding consistent with the pituitary-restricted thyrotoxicosis observed in our patient.

Effect of early referral to an endocrinologist on efficiency and cost of evaluation and development of treatment plan in patients with thyroid nodules.

Radionuclide uptake and scan and sonogram, frequently ordered before referral to an endocrinologist, are expensive and poor predictors of thyroid nodule malignancy. We estimated costs of excessive imaging and other studies by reviewing the records of all patients (n = 70) referred to a single, consulting endocrinologist, for thyroid nodule evaluation in a 2-yr interval and subsequently, presenting only pertinent histories and results of physical examinations, thyroid function tests, and thyroid autoantibodies, to a second, reviewing endocrinologist (RE) who was blinded to diagnosis and management. Concordance in diagnosis and management between consulting endocrinologist and RE was 87.

Endocrine-mediated mechanisms of fatigue during treatment with interferon-alpha.

Fatigue occurs in more than 70% of patients treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and is the most problematic toxicity associated with IFN-based immunotherapy. Abundant evidence suggests that immune-mediated endocrine disease occurs during IFN-alpha therapy, which may contribute to the etiology of fatigue. Autoimmune thyroid disease is a well-recognized consequence of IFN-alpha therapy and may be mediated by the induction of IFN-gamma production by lymphocytes.

c-erb-A mRNA correlates with T3-receptor levels in liver and pituitary of tumor rats.

In the rat tumor model of the sick euthyroid syndrome, differential regulation of T3-induced cellular responses have been demonstrated in liver and anterior pituitary. These effects occur with a concomitant decrease in nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR) number as measured by the binding of 125I-labeled T3. To explore the possibility that these altered responses to T3 in tumor rats resulted from changes in the expression of different TR forms, we correlated the relative abundance of mRNAs encoding each receptor form with the concentration of TR measured by specific T3 binding.

Differential response to L-triiodothyronine of anterior pituitary growth hormone messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and beta-thyrotropin mRNA in a hypothyroid Walker 256 carcinoma-bearing rat model of nonthyroidal disease.

To continue our studies on the influence of T3 on TSH regulation in the Walker 256 carcinoma-bearing rat model of nonthyroidal disease, we measured the effect of T3 on pituitary content of beta TSH mRNA and rat (r) TSH in hypothyroid control (C) and tumor-bearing (T) rats. The effect of T3 on TSH regulation was compared to effects on GH mRNA and rGH in the same animals. mRNA content was normalized to a pool of pituitaries from euthyroid rats (= 1.

Decreased anterior pituitary T3 nuclear receptors in a Walker 256 carcinoma-bearing rat model of nonthyroidal disease.

Rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma have decreased pituitary nuclear T3 but normal pituitary TSH content and response to experimental hypothyroidism. To elucidate further the role of T3 receptor occupancy and biological response in the tumor-bearing rat model of nonthyroidal disease, we measured the concentration of T3 nuclear receptors, rTSH and rGH and beta-TSH mRNA and GH mRNA in the anterior pituitary of euthyroid rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma. The abundance of T3 nuclear receptors was decreased in tumor-bearing rats and was associated with a decrease in mRNA content for beta-TSH and GH.

Normal free thyroxine in critical nonthyroidal illnesses measured by ultrafiltration of undiluted serum and equilibrium dialysis.

Considerable controversy exists concerning the assessment of thyroidal state in critically ill patients with decreased serum T4 and T3 concentrations, in part because serum free T4 values are often low in such patients no matter what method of measurement is used. We developed an ultrafiltration method to measure free T4 and free T3 in undiluted serum and compared the results with those obtained using a standard equilibrium dialysis method to measure free T4 and T3. In 30 consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) patients, serum free T4 values were similar to or higher than those in 12 normal subjects by both methods in most patients and were clearly distinguishable from those in hypothyroid patients.