Tacrolimus Formulation, Exposure Variability, and Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Introduction: Few studies have compared within-patient variability measures of tacrolimus trough levels by formulation and assessed within-patient variability on outcomes of kidney transplant recipients.

Research Questions: (1) To compare within-patient variability of trough levels when converting from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus using standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and intrapatient variability percent. (2) To use the 3 measures of variability to examine the relationship between tacrolimus once-daily within-patient variability and total graft failure (i.

Risk Factors for First and Recurrent Fractures among Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Kidney transplantation is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. Current literature reports widely variable fracture burden and contains limited data on risk factors for recurrent fractures. The incidence of all and major osteoporotic fractures (hip, forearm, thoracolumbar, and proximal humerus) were assessed.

Medication Errors in Vietnamese Hospitals: Prevalence, Potential Outcome and Associated Factors.

Background: Evidence from developed countries showed that medication errors are common and harmful. Little is known about medication errors in resource-restricted settings, including Vietnam.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and potential clinical outcome of medication preparation and administration errors, and to identify factors associated with errors.

Errors in preparation and administration of insulin in two urban Vietnamese hospitals: an observational study.

Background: Medication errors involving insulin are common, particularly during the administration stage, and may cause severe harm. Little is known about the prevalence of insulin administration errors in hospitals, especially in resource-restricted settings, where the burden of diabetes is growing alarmingly.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, type, and potential clinical outcome of errors in preparation and administration of insulin in resource-restricted setting hospitals.

The effect of a clinical pharmacist-led training programme on intravenous medication errors: a controlled before and after study.

Background: Little is known about interventions to reduce intravenous medication administration errors in hospitals, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: To assess the effect of a clinical pharmacist-led training programme on clinically relevant errors during intravenous medication preparation and administration in a Vietnamese hospital.

Methods: A controlled before and after study with baseline and follow-up measurements was conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU) and a post-surgical unit (PSU).