New -glucosidase inhibitory xanthones from the fruits of .

Two previously unreported xanthones, xanthoschomes A and B ( and ), along with six known xanthones, -mangostin (), -mangostin (), -mangostin (), garcinone C (), 2-(,-dimethylallyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (), and dulxanthone D (), have been isolated from the fruits of Vietnamese The structures of all isolated compounds were fully characterised using spectroscopic data and comparison with the previous literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their -glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds demonstrated effective -glucosidase inhibition, with the IC ranging from 2.

Effect of electrode configuration in electroacupuncture on ischemic stroke treatment in rats.

Background And Aim: This study investigated the effect of the electrode configuration on EA treating ischemic stroke.

Experimental Procedure: An ischemic stroke rat model was established. In the EA-P group, the anodes of EA were placed on the BL7 and BL8 acupoints of the lesioned, and the cathodes were placed on the BL7 and BL8 acupoints of the nonlesioned hemispheres; by contrast, in the EA-N group.

New prenyl flavanone and diarylbutanol from stem bark and their -glucosidase inhibitory activity.

One new prenyl flavanone (), (2)-8-prenyl-5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, and one new diarylbutanol (), (7')-3'-hydroxy-linderagatin-A, were isolated from the stem bark of (Annonaceae), along with five known compounds, eriodictyol (), quercetin (), paprazine (), --caffeoyltyramine (), and --feruloyltyramine (). Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the literature. The -glucosidase inhibitory potential of was evaluated.

Changes in Acupuncture-Induced Specific Acupoint Neurotransmitters are Possibly Related to Their Physiological Functions in Rats.

This study investigated changes in neurotransmitters induced by the application of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6). A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups: sham, ST (EA at bilateral ST36 and ST37), ScT (ST plus previous neurectomy of the bilateral sciatic nerves), ScS (sham plus previous neurectomy of the bilateral sciatic nerve), and PC (EA at bilateral PC6 and PC7). The P2X2 receptor expression was stronger in the sham group than in the ST and PC groups (both < 0.

Opportunities and challenges for the development of M muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulators in the treatment for neurocognitive deficits.

Targeting allosteric sites of M muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M receptors) is a promising strategy to treat neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Indeed, the last two decades have seen an impressive body of work focussing on the design and development of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for the M receptor. This has led to the identification of a structurally diverse range of highly selective M PAMs.

Two new dimethylpyranoflavanones from the roots of .

Two previously unreported dimethylpyranoflavanones, pyronomelodorones A and B ( and ), along with five known compounds, 7--methyldihydrowogonin (), 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavanone (), 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-dihydroflavone (), 5,7,8-trimethoxydihydroflavone (), and pinostrobin (), were isolated from the roots of The structures of all isolates were fully characterized using spectroscopic data and comparison with the previous literature. All isolates were evaluated for their -glucosidase inhibition and their cytotoxicity against KB, HepG2, and MCF7 cell lines. Among the isolates, compound exhibited the most inhibitory activity against -glucosidase and was superior to the positive control with an IC value of 1.

Placoisoflavones A and B, two new cytotoxic isoflavonoids from N.D.Khôi & Yakovlev.

Two previously unreported isoflavonoids, placoisoflavones A and B ( and ), along with five known compounds, calopogonium isoflavone B (), jamaicin (), 6-methoxycalopogonium isoflavone A (), vestitol (), and caviunin () have been isolated from the stems of N.D.Khôi & Yakovlev.

The metabolic effects of mirabegron are mediated primarily by β -adrenoceptors.

The β -adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron is approved for use for overactive bladder and has been purported to be useful in the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases in humans, including those involving disturbances of glucose homeostasis. We investigated the effect of mirabegron on glucose homeostasis with in vitro and in vivo models, focusing on its selectivity at β-adrenoceptors, ability to cause browning of white adipocytes, and the role of UCP1 in glucose homeostasis. In mouse brown, white, and brite adipocytes, mirabegron-mediated effects were examined on cyclic AMP, UCP1 mRNA, [ H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake, cellular glycolysis, and O consumption.

A sesquiterpenoid tropolone and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives from Olax imbricata roots.

The methanol extract of Olax imbricata roots afforded one new sesquiterpenoid tropolone and three new 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives, olaximbrisides A-D (1-4). Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments in combination of HRESIMS. The relative configurations were assigned by the NOESY experiments.

Modelling of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in the Red River basin (Vietnam).

Many studies have been published on the use of models to assess water quality through faecal contamination levels. However, the vast majority of this work has been conducted in developed countries and similar studies from developing countries in tropical regions are lacking. Here, we used the Seneque/Riverstrahler model to investigate the dynamics and seasonal distribution of total coliforms (TC), an indicator of faecal contamination, in the Red River (Northern Vietnam) and its upstream tributaries.

Seasonal variability of faecal indicator bacteria numbers and die-off rates in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam.

The Red River is the second largest river in Viet Nam and constitutes the main water source for a large percentage of the population of North Viet Nam. Here we present the results of an annual survey of Escherichia coli (EC) and Total Coliforms (TC) in the Red River basin, North Viet Nam. The objective of this work was to obtain information on faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) numbers over an annual cycle and, secondly, to determine the die-off rates of these bacterial indicators.

Proteolysis of Sardine () and Anchovy () by Commercial Enzymes in Saline Solutions.

Fish sauce production is a very long process and there is a great interest in shortening it. Among the different strategies to speed up this process, the addition of external proteases could be a solution. This study focuses on the effect of two commercial enzymes (Protamex and Protex 51FP) on the proteolysis of two fish species traditionally converted into fish sauce: sardine and anchovy, by comparison with classical autolysis.

Measurement of Stigma in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hanoi, Vietnam: Assessment of a Homosexuality-Related Stigma Scale.

Objective. To develop and assess a homosexuality-related stigma scale among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods.

Development and characterization of candidate rotavirus vaccine strains derived from children with diarrhoea in Vietnam.

In Vietnam, rotavirus infection accounts for more than one-half of all hospitalizations for diarrhoea among children less than 5 years of age. While new vaccines to prevent rotavirus diarrhoea have been developed and introduced into some countries by multinational manufacturers, the ability for developing countries such as Vietnam to introduce several new and important vaccines into the routine infant immunization schedule may be challenging. In order to be partially self-sufficient in vaccine production, Vietnam has pursued the development of several rotavirus strains as candidate vaccines using isolates obtained from Vietnamese children with diarrhoea.