Essential role of the interaction between classical swine fever virus core protein and cellular MYO1B in viral components transport to exosomes and titer maintenance.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe disease caused by the highly contagious CSFV. Our previous study demonstrated that exosomes from CSFV-infected cells contained significant amounts of viral genome and Core (C) protein and were infectious. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the formation of these infectious exosomes, we investigated the intracellular transport of the C protein in this study.

A multi-epitope subunit vaccine providing broad cross-protection against diverse serotypes of Streptococcus suis.

Streptococcus suis infection represents a major challenge in pig farming and public health due to its zoonotic potential and diverse serotypes, while existing vaccines lack effective cross-protection. This study employed reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics to identify 8 conserved proteins across 11 prevalent serotypes of S. suis.

The cadDX operon contributes to cadmium resistance, oxidative stress resistance, and virulence in zoonotic streptococci.

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) enable bacteria to acquire novel genes and traits. However, the functions of cargo genes within MGEs remain poorly understood. The cadmium resistance operon cadDX is present in many gram-positive bacteria.

Identifying Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Effectively Delivering Antimicrobial Molecules into .

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising carriers to effectively transport antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), including peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), into bacterial cells to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, demonstrating significant therapeutic potential. , a Gram-positive bacterium, is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. In this study, through the combination of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM), flow cytometry analysis, and toxicity analysis assays, we investigated the suitability of four CPPs for delivering PNAs into cells: HIV-1 TAT efficiently penetrated cells with low toxicity against ; (RXR)XB had high penetration efficiency with inherent toxicity against ; (KFF)K showed lower penetration efficiency than HIV-1 TAT and (RXR)XB; K8 failed to penetrate cells.

Development of a multienzyme isothermal and lateral flow dipstick combination assay for the rapid detection of goose astrovirus II.

Introduction: Goose astrovirus (GAstV) is a newly emerging pathogen that is currently widespread among geese, causing visceral gout and leading to substantial gosling mortalities, posing a severe threat to the waterfowl industry. GAstV II is the predominant epidemic strain, characterized by its high morbidity and mortality rate. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity to develop an effective diagnostic approach to control the dissemination of GAstV II, particularly in clinical farms with limited laboratory resources.

Insight into the role of Streptococcus suis zinc metalloprotease C from the new serotype causing meningitis in piglets.

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important gram-positive pathogen and an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes meningitis in swine and humans. Although several virulence factors have been characterized in S.

Streptococcus suis Deploys Multiple ATP-Dependent Proteases for Heat Stress Adaptation.

Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing cytokine storms of Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome amongst humans after a wound infection into the bloodstream. To overcome the challenges of fever and leukocyte recruitment, invasive S. suis must deploy multiple stress responses forming a network and utilize proteases to degrade short-lived regulatory and misfolded proteins induced by adverse stresses, thereby adapting and evading host immune responses.

serotype 4: a population with the potential pathogenicity in humans and pigs.

is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Different serotypes exhibit diverse characteristics in population structure and pathogenicity. Surveillance data highlight the significance of serotype 4 (SS4) in swine streptococcusis, a pathotype causing human infections.

Type II and IV toxin-antitoxin systems coordinately stabilize the integrative and conjugative element of the ICESa2603 family conferring multiple drug resistance in Streptococcus suis.

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) play a vital role in bacterial evolution by carrying essential genes that confer adaptive functions to the host. Despite their importance, the mechanism underlying the stable inheritance of ICEs, which is necessary for the acquisition of new traits in bacteria, remains poorly understood. Here, we identified SezAT, a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, and AbiE, a type IV TA system encoded within the ICESsuHN105, coordinately promote ICE stabilization and mediate multidrug resistance in Streptococcus suis.

Exosomes secreted by CSFV-infected cells evade neutralizing antibody to activate innate immune responses and establish productive infection in recipient cells.

Exosomes, which are small membrane-enclosed vesicles, are actively released into the extracellular space by a variety of cells. Growing evidence indicates that exosomes derived from virus-infected cells can selectively encapsulate viral proteins, genetic materials, or even entire virions. This enables them to mediate cell-to-cell communication and facilitate virus transmission.

Combined Immunoinformatics to Design and Evaluate a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate against Infection.

() is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple serotypes, and thus, multivalent vaccines generating cross-protection against infections are urgently needed to improve animal welfare and reduce antibiotic abuse. In this study, we established a systematic and comprehensive epitope prediction pipeline based on immunoinformatics. Ten candidate epitopes were ultimately selected for building the multi-epitope vaccine (MVSS) against infections.

Glycerol metabolic repressor GlpR contributes to Streptococcus suis oxidative stress resistance and virulence.

Bacterial DeoR family transcription regulators regulate multiple physiological processes. Little is known about the function of DeoR family regulators in streptococci. Here, we identified a novel DeoR family regulator, GlpR, from Streptococcus suis, a pathogen causing severe diseases in pigs and humans.

Streptococcal arginine deiminase system defences macrophage bactericidal effect mediated by XRE family protein XtrSs.

The arginine deiminase system (ADS) has been identified in various bacteria and functions to supplement energy production and enhance biological adaptability. The current understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ADS and its effect on bacterial pathogenesis is still limited. Here, we found that the XRE family transcriptional regulator XtrSs negatively affected virulence and significantly repressed ADS transcription when the bacteria were incubated in blood.

AEN Suppresses the Replication of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Inducing the Expression of Type I IFN and ISGs in MARC-145 Cells.

Apoptosis-enhancing nuclease (AEN), which shares close evolutionary relationships with the interferon-stimulated gene 20 protein (ISG20) homologs in humans, is a member of the DEDDh exonuclease family. Numerous studies on various pathogens have identified the essential roles of ISG20 in inhibiting virus replication. However, the fundamental functions of AEN during viral infection remain largely unknown.

A novel aquaporin Aagp contributes to HO efflux and virulence.

is a bacterium that can cause infections in pigs and humans. Although oxidative stress is common occurrence during bacterial growth and infection, the regulation networks of under oxidative stress remain poorly understood. To address this, we utilized RNA-Seq to reveal the transcriptional landscape of in response to HO stress.

Circular replication-associated protein-encoding single-stranded DNA virus with risk of spillover is widely prevalent in domestic animals in China.

Circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses are highly diverse and have a broad range of hosts. In this study, we report the detection of Bo-Circo-like virus AH20-1 in the feces of diarrheal cattle. The virus has a circular genome of 3,912 nucleotides, three major putative open reading frames, and encodes a Rep gene of 310 amino acids.

Systematic Surveillance of an Emerging Picornavirus among Cattle and Sheep in China.

Emerging viruses are a constant threat to human and animal health. Boosepivirus is a novel picornavirus considered a gastrointestinal pathogen and has broken out in recent years. In 2020, we identified a strain of boosepivirus NX20-1 from Chinese calf feces and performed genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis.

Viral Metagenomic Analysis of the Fecal Samples in Domestic Dogs ().

Canine diarrhea is a common intestinal illness that is usually caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, and canine diarrhea may induce morbidity and mortality of domestic dogs if treated improperly. Recently, viral metagenomics was applied to investigate the signatures of the enteric virome in mammals. In this research, the characteristics of the gut virome in healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea were analyzed and compared using viral metagenomics.

Host PTX3 Protein and Bacterial Capsule Coordinately Regulate the Inflammatory Response during Infection.

serotype 2 (SS2) is a noteworthy zoonotic pathogen that has been responsible for large economic losses in pig production and a great threat to human health. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an essential regulator of the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens; however, its role during SS2 infection is not fully understood. In this study, we found that the SS2 strain HA9801 induced a significant inflammatory response in the mouse air pouch model; this response was amplified by the treatment of exogenous PTX3 simultaneously in terms of the results of inflammatory cell recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 production.

Porcine extraintestinal pathogenic delivers two serine protease autotransporters coordinately optimizing the bloodstream infection.

Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections in a broad spectrum of birds and mammals, thus poses a great threat to public health, while its underlying mechanism causing sepsis is not fully understood. Here we reported a high virulent ExPEC strain PU-1, which has a robust ability to colonize within host bloodstream, while induced a low level of leukocytic activation. Two serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs), Vat and Tsh, were found to play critical roles for the urgent blood infection of strain PU-1.

Keeping alert to the hypervirulent K1, K2, K3, K5, K54 and K57 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae within dairy production process.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is now recognized as an urgent threat to public health since the emergence of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent isolates. We identified a hypervirulent K2 isolate from the milk samples possibly associated with an infection incident in children, which raised the alarm to the zoonotic potential of bovine mastitis Kp as a foodborne pathogen. Subsequently, numerous K1, K2, K3, K5, K54 and K57 strains were identified from mastitis milk samples, and showed high pathogenicity in infected mouse.

Development of a multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification and lateral flow dipstick combination assay for bovine coronavirus detection.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a major cause of infectious disease in cattle, causing huge economic losses to the beef and dairy industries worldwide. BCoV can infect humans and multiple other species of animals. A rapid, reliable, and simple test is needed to detect BCoV infection in suspected farms.

Isolation and Pathogenicity of a Novel Goose Astrovirus from Overfed Adult Landaise Geese in China.

Goose astrovirus (GAstV) is an important pathogen causing visceral gout and high mortality in goslings, which has broken out and spread across China. In 2021, a disease characterized by urate deposition on the visceral surface and 30% mortality occurred in commercial adult Landaise geese in Zhejiang Province, China. A systematic study identified an infecting astrovirus, designated ZJCX, that was efficiently isolated from a diseased goose with a chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH).

Development and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against group B infection.

(Group B , GBS) is a multi-host pathogen, even causing life-threatening infections in newborns. Vaccination with GBS crossed serotypes vaccine is one of the best options for long-term infection control. Here we built a comprehensive epitope-prediction workflow pipeline to design a multivalent ultiepitope-based subunit accine containing 11 epitopes against (MVSA).