Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay for Investigating Antiviral Innate Immunity.

Yeast two-hybrid (YTH) technology is a powerful tool for studying protein interactions and has been widely used in various fields of molecular biology, including the study of antiviral innate immunity. This chapter presents detailed information and experimental procedures for identifying virus-host protein interactions involved in immune regulation using yeast two-hybrid technology.

How mixed ownership affects investment efficiency? evidence from state-owned enterprises in China.

The inefficiency observed in investment within state-owned enterprises presents a significant practical challenge that can affect the sustainable development of China's economy. To address this issue, this study comprehensively explores the intricate mechanisms underlying the governance implications of mixed ownership on the investment efficiency of listed companies. Drawing on unbalanced panel data encompassing Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange A-share listed companies in China spanning the period from 2008 to 2022, this study employs a fixed-effects model to unveil the nuanced ways in which mixed ownership influences investment efficiency through the lens of agency costs.

Human cytomegalovirus UL23 exploits PD-L1 inhibitory signaling pathway to evade T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Unlabelled: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a widely prevalent human beta-herpesvirus, establishes lifelong persistence in the host following primary infection. In healthy individuals, the virus is effectively controlled by HCMV-specific T cells and typically exhibits asymptomatic. The T cell immune response plays a pivotal role in combating HCMV infection, while HCMV employs various strategies to counteract it within the host.

Acid resistance system CadBA is implicated in acid tolerance and biofilm formation and is identified as a new virulence factor of Edwardsiella tarda.

Edwardsiella tarda is a facultative intracellular pathogen in humans and animals. The Gram-negative bacterium is widely considered a potentially important bacterial pathogen. Adaptation to acid stress is important for the transmission of intestinal microbes, so the acid-resistance (AR) system is essential.

Institutional investors and cost of capital: The moderating effect of ownership structure.

Guiding institutional investors to actively participate in corporate governance is a hot issue to improve the internal governance of China's listed companies. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism that underlies the governance effects of the heterogeneity of institutional investors on the cost of capital, and the influence of ownership structure on the relationship between them. Using an unbalanced panel data on A-share listed companies of Shanghai and Shenzhen in China's capital market during the 2014-2019 period, this study reveals how institutional investors with longer holding period and higher shareholding ratio are negatively associated with the cost of capital in China's capital market.

The evolution and adaptive development of traditional dwelling in Southern Shaanxi, China.

Traditional architecture has been successful in achieving harmony between housing and environment, which is one of the most important conditions for sustainability. The research tried to study and analyze the traditional architecture to diagnose its importance and ability to solve contemporary problems. Firstly, this study sets up qualitative survey, including location, function space, and structural materials of the dwelling.

Spatial optimization mode of China's rural settlements based on quality-of-life theory.

This paper studies the optimization mode of the spatial organization of rural settlements based on the two-way interactive mechanism between the space of rural settlements and quality-of-life theory. It examines three main aspects: the integration of spatial function, the optimization of spatial structure, and the regulation of spatial scale. In this paper, we built an optimization mode and framework of spatial organization, called the road-oriented mode of rural settlements, based on quality-of-life theory.

[Effect of different volumes of fluid resuscitation on hemorrhagic shock with pulmonary edema at high altitude in the unacclimated rat].

Objective: To study the effects of different volumes of fluid resuscitation on hemorrhagic shock with pulmonary edema at high altitude in the unacclimated rat.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-six SD rats transported to Lasa, Tibet, 3 760 meters above the sea level, were anesthetized one week later with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Hemorrhagic shock with pulmonary edema model was induced by hemorrhage (50 mm Hg for 1 hour, 1 mmHg=0.

[Beneficial effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in combination with HSD on hemorrhagic shock with pulmonary edema at high altitude in the rat].

Objective: To study the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in combination with hypertonic saline/dextran (7.5% NaCl + 6% Dextran 40, HSD ) on hemorrhagic shock with pulmonary edema in the rats which were recently brought to high altitude.

Methods: Forty-nine SD rats, transported to Lasa, Tibet, which was 3,760 meters above the sea level, were anesthetized one week later with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal).