Barriers and Willingness to Undertake Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Reported by Medical Students Dependent on Their Place of Residence-A Single-Center Study.

Background: Bystander-administered cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for the survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. However, only roughly 58% of bystanders would provide CPR, with wide variations across different regions. Identifying each factor affecting the barrier or readiness to perform resuscitation is a significant challenge for researchers.

Gaps in Education: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Knowledge of Advanced Lifesaving Interventions among Canadian Lifeguards.

The aim of this study was to assess lifeguards' knowledge retention of airway management, oxygen administration, and ventilation interventions following certification and employer-provided training. This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey administered between February and May 2024. A total of 1322 responses from Canadian lifeguards certified in airway management and oxygen administration were deemed eligible for analysis.

Inter-species interactions between two bacterial flower commensals and a floral pathogen reduce disease incidence and alter pathogen activity.

Unlabelled: Flowers are colonized by a diverse community of microorganisms that can alter plant health and interact with floral pathogens. is a flower-inhabiting bacterium and a pathogen that infects different plant species, including (apple). Previously, we showed that the co-inoculation of two bacterial strains, members of the genera and isolated from apple flowers, reduced disease incidence caused by this floral pathogen.

Capturing heart valve development with Gene Ontology.

The normal development of all heart valves requires highly coordinated signaling pathways and downstream mediators. While genomic variants can be responsible for congenital valve disease, environmental factors can also play a role. Later in life valve calcification is a leading cause of aortic valve stenosis, a progressive disease that may lead to heart failure.

A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research Literature and a Thematic Synthesis of Older LGBTQ People's Experiences of Quality of Life, Minority Joy, Resilience, Minority Stress, Discrimination, and Stigmatization in Japan and Sweden.

There is a lack of research on older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) adults. This systematic review aimed to synthesize Japanese and Swedish qualitative research on LGBTQ adults aged 60 years or older following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Japanese and Swedish articles, published in English, were searched across ASSIA, CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Sociological Abstracts databases.

from the Fire Blight Biocontrol Product, Blossom Protect, Induces Host Resistance in Apple Flowers.

Fire blight, caused by , is a devastating disease of apple. Blossom Protect, a product that contains as the active ingredient, is one of the most effective biological controls of fire blight. It has been postulated that the mode of action of is to compete against and antagonize epiphytic growth of on flowers, but recent studies have found that flowers treated with Blossom Protect harbored similar to or only slightly reduced populations compared with nontreated flowers.

High rates of observed face mask use at Colorado universities align with students' opinions about masking and support the safety and viability of in-person higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, colleges and universities have focused on creating policies, such as mask mandates, to minimize COVID-19 transmission both on their campuses and in the surrounding community. Adherence to and opinions about these policies remain largely unknown.

Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a cross-sectional study, the Mask Adherence and Surveillance at Colleges and Universities Project (MASCUP!), to objectively and inconspicuously measure rates of mask use at institutes of higher education via direct observation.

Improving the accuracy of adherence data collected using medication monitoring technology in clinical research.

Ambiguous adherence data adversely effects the statistical analyses, study conclusions, and generalizability of research findings for clinical trials. Fortunately, technology-based measures of drug dosing provide more objective measures of medication adherence. While adherence data obtained through monitoring technology avoids the well documented shortcomings of self-reported adherence data, there are important limitations and nuances with use of these technologies that should be considered at study inception, conduct, and analysis.

The interrogator-suspect dynamic in custodial interrogations for high-stakes crimes in Sweden: An application of the interrogation taxonomy framework.

This archival study was the first in Sweden, and the first outside of the US and the UK, to apply the (Kelly et al., Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 9, 165-178, 2013) taxonomy of interrogation methods framework to repeated police interrogations of adult suspects in high-stakes crimes. Audio/video recordings (N = 19) were collected from the Swedish Police Authority of repeated interrogations of three suspects in three criminal cases.

Predictors of 007 triphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots in persons with hepatitis C and active drug or alcohol use.

Background: Sofosbuvir is converted to its active form, 007 triphosphate (007-TP), within cells. To date, the association between treatment adherence and 007-TP in dried blood spots (DBS) and factors that influence this relationship remain unknown.

Objectives: To examine relationships between adherence and 007-TP concentrations in DBS and identify factors that influence 007-TP in DBS.

Expression of the Type III Secretion System Genes in Epiphytic Cells on Apple Stigmas Benefits Endophytic Infection at the Hypanthium.

causes fire blight on rosaceous plants. One of the major entry points of into hosts is flowers, where proliferates epiphytically on stigmatic and hypanthium surfaces and, subsequently, causes endophytic infection at the hypanthium. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence factor in Although the role of T3SS during endophytic infection is well characterized, its expression during epiphytic colonization and role in the subsequent infection is less understood.

Communicating about climate change - Who is listening, who isn't and why: Implications for medical professionals.

Community concern about climate change in the community in general is strong and getting stronger but greater action on climate change is contingent upon whether the public sees strong links between climate effects and personal and community wellbeing in the present as well as the future. Medical and health-care professions can be effective messengers about the impacts of climate given their trusted status and ability to draw connections between climate change and physical and mental health.

Adherence to Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy in People Actively Using Drugs and Alcohol: The INCLUD Study.

Background: Hepatitis C virus treatment in persons who use drugs (PWUD) is often withheld due to adherence and reinfection concerns. In this study, we report treatment outcomes, technology-based adherence data, and adherence predictors in PWUD and/or alcohol.

Methods: INCLUD was a prospective, open-label study of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 12 weeks in PWUD aged 18-70 years.

Severe Mucositis Secondary to Pembrolizumab: Reports of Two Cases, Review of the Literature, and an Algorithm for Management.

The indications for use of programed cell death receptor (PD-1) inhibitors to treat cancer continues to expand rapidly. Treatment with PD-1 inhibitors has been associated with numerous immune-mediated mucocutaneous side effects. Here, we report 2 cases of severe mucositis caused by the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab and review the defining features of similar cases.

The guanine-hypoxanthine permease GhxP of Erwinia amylovora facilitates the influx of the toxic guanine derivative 6-thioguanine.

Aim: Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating disease of apples and pears. This study determines whether the E. amylovora guanine-hypoxanthine transporter (EaGhxP) is required for virulence and if it can import the E.

Functional characterization of the adenine transporter EaAdeP from the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora and its effect on disease establishment in apples and pears.

Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, an economically important disease of apples and pears. As part of the infection process, Er. amylovora propagates on different plant tissues each with distinct nutrient environments.

Temporal and spatial dynamics in the apple flower microbiome in the presence of the phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora.

Plant microbiomes have important roles in plant health and productivity. However, despite flowers being directly linked to reproductive outcomes, little is known about the microbiomes of flowers and their potential interaction with pathogen infection. Here, we investigated the temporal spatial dynamics of the apple stigma microbiome when challenged with a phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease.

An Erwinia amylovora uracil transporter mutant retains virulence on immature apple and pear fruit.

Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating disease of apples and pears. A previous study revealed that an E. amylovora uracil auxotroph was still virulent and can cause disease, suggesting that uracil can be obtained from the host environment.

Early Effects of COVID-19 on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Training-Results From a National Survey.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an immense impact on the healthcare industry. Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) clinical practice uniquely exposes providers to COVID-19. The purpose of the present study was to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on OMS residency training programs (OMSRTPs): 1) training and education; 2) availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE); 3) experience with, and use of, screening and viral testing; 4) resident experience; and 5) program director (PD) experience and observations of the immediate and future effects on OMSRTPs.

Gene Ontology Curation of Neuroinflammation Biology Improves the Interpretation of Alzheimer's Disease Gene Expression Data.

Background: Gene Ontology (GO) is a major bioinformatic resource used for analysis of large biomedical datasets, for example from genome-wide association studies, applied universally across biological fields, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.

Objective: We aim to demonstrate the applicability of GO for interpretation of AD datasets to improve the understanding of the underlying molecular disease mechanisms, including the involvement of inflammatory pathways and dysregulated microRNAs (miRs).

Methods: We have undertaken a systematic full article GO annotation approach focused on microglial proteins implicated in AD and the miRs regulating their expression.

Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation.

The ability to create recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in recent years has led to their rise as a common clinical adjuvant. Their application varies, from spinal fixation to repairing palatal clefts, to coating implants for osseointegration. In recent years questions have been raised as to the efficacy of BMPs in several of these procedures.

Increased tenofovir monoester concentrations in patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir.

Background: Intracellular tenofovir diphosphate concentrations are markedly increased in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with sofosbuvir-containing treatment. Sofosbuvir may inhibit the hydrolysis of TDF to tenofovir, resulting in increased concentrations of the disoproxil or monoester forms, which may augment cell loading. We sought to quantify tenofovir disoproxil and monoester concentrations in individuals receiving TDF with and without ledipasvir/sofosbuvir.