Increasing diversity in neuroimaging research: Participant-driven recommendations from a qualitative study of an under-represented sample.

Enhancing the generalizability of neuroimaging studies requires actively engaging participants from under-represented communities. This paper leverages qualitative data to outline participant-driven recommendations for incorporating under-represented populations in neuroimaging protocols. Thirty-one participants, who had participated in neuroimaging research or could be eligible for one as part of an ongoing longitudinal study, engaged in semi-structured one-on-one interviews (84 % under-represented ethnic-racial identities and low-income backgrounds).

Latent Profiles of Childhood Adversity, Adolescent Mental Health, and Neural Network Connectivity.

Importance: Adverse childhood experiences are pervasive and heterogeneous, with potential lifelong consequences for psychiatric morbidity and brain health. Existing research does not capture the complex interplay of multiple adversities, resulting in a lack of precision in understanding their associations with neural function and mental health.

Objectives: To identify distinct childhood adversity profiles and examine their associations with adolescent mental health and brain connectivity.

Use of an adaptive sensory environment in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the perioperative environment: a parallel, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience higher rates of perioperative anxiety and are likely to receive premedication. Little is known about nonpharmaceutical interventions which may decrease anxiety. This study aims to evaluate the use of an adaptive sensory environment (ASE) to reduce ASD patient anxiety during the perioperative process.

Implementing a bundle for evidence-based cesarean delivery may not be as beneficial as expected: a multicenter, pre- and post-study.

Background: Standardization of procedures improves outcomes. Though systematic reviews have summarized the evidence-based steps of cesarean delivery, their bundled implementation has not been investigated.

Objective: In this preimplementation and postimplementation trial, we sought to ascertain if bundled evidence-based steps of cesarean delivery, compared with the surgeon's preference, improve outcomes.

Understanding the performance-related psychological characteristics and skills of doctors: A sport psychology perspective.

Introduction: Doctors need to consistently maintain their clinical performance across a range of different situations by managing the stress response provoked by these situations. Six performance-related adaptive and maladaptive psychological characteristics and psychological skills can distinguish between how athletes manage their stress response and consistently maintain an optimal level of performance across a variety of situations. The aim of the study was to understand how the performance-related psychological characteristics and skills identified in athletes are applied by doctors.

Abnormal Shape and Size of the Cardiac Ventricles Are Associated with a Higher Risk of Neonatal Death in Fetuses with Isolated Left Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between fetal cardiac deformation analysis (CDA) and cardiac function with severe adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses with isolated left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods: CDA in each ventricle (contractility, size, and shape), evaluated by speckle tracking and novel FetalHQ software, and markers of cardiac function (E/A ratios, pulmonary and aortic peak systolic velocities, and sigmoid annular valve diameters), were evaluated in fetuses with isolated left CDH. Two evaluations were performed: at referral (CDA and function) and within 3 weeks of delivery (CDA).

Free-Form Liquid Crystal Elastomers via Embedded 4D Printing.

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of active materials that can generate rapid, reversible mechanical actuation in response to external stimuli. Fabrication methods for LCEs have remained a topic of intense research interest in recent years. One promising approach, termed 4D printing, combines the advantages of 3D printing with responsive materials, such as LCEs, to generate smart structures that not only possess user-defined static shapes but also can change their shape over time.

Reduction in cervical length after vaginal progesterone in women with short cervix is significantly associated with preterm delivery at ≤ 34 weeks and < 37 weeks of gestation.

Objective: To evaluate the association between changes in cervical length (CL) after vaginal progesterone treatment and preterm delivery (PTD).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included 197 singleton pregnancies without (n = 178) and with (n = 19) a history of PTD which were found to have a short cervix (≤ 25 mm) between 18 + 0 and 23 + 6 weeks' gestation with a follow-up transvaginal CL measurement taken at least 1 week after vaginal progesterone treatment started. Receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC)-curve analysis was performed and three CL shortening patterns were evaluated: (1) ≥ 10% reduction; (2) ≥ 20% reduction; and (3) ≥ 5 mm reduction relative to the first CL measurement.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Gunshot Wounds in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.

A systematic review was performed to compare adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant patients with gunshot wounds (GSW) to the abdominopelvic vs other region(s) at 20 weeks gestation. A search of Medline Ovid, Elsevier Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, and Cochrane Library in July 2022 and reference searches resulted in 1742 studies, which were screened. The 41 included studies reported outcomes for 59 pregnant patients with GSW, of which 31 (52.

Completion of Fetal Anatomy Evaluations in Women With Body Mass Index ≥ 50 kg/m.

Objectives: As maternal body mass index (BMI) increases, fetal anatomy ultrasound becomes more challenging, less sensitive, and less likely to be complete. We sought to report our experience of incomplete evaluation of anatomy in patients with BMI of 50 kg/m or greater.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort of singleton gestations in mothers with BMI of 50 kg/m or greater, undergoing anatomy evaluations between 2017 and 2021 at 9 maternal-fetal-medicine sites in Houston, TX.

Ecological momentary assessment of postpartum outcomes in mothers of multiples: lower maternal-infant bonding, higher stress, and more disrupted sleep.

Research on mental health in mothers of multiples has neglected important outcomes like postpartum bonding and relationship satisfaction and is limited by reliance on single-administration, retrospective measures. This study fills these gaps by assessing previously unexamined variables and using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), wherein participants answer repeated, brief surveys to measure real-world, real-time outcomes. This online study recruited 221 women and compared outcomes in those who birthed multiples (n = 127, 57.

Getting a Good Night's Sleep: Associations Between Sleep Duration and Parent-Reported Sleep Quality on Default Mode Network Connectivity in Youth.

Purpose: Sleep plays an important role in healthy neurocognitive development, and poor sleep is linked to cognitive and emotional dysfunction. Studies in adults suggest that shorter sleep duration and poor sleep quality may disrupt core neurocognitive networks, particularly the default mode network (DMN)-a network implicated in internal cognitive processing and rumination. Here, we examine the relationships between sleep and within- and between-network resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the DMN in youth.

Factors associated with exclusive formula feeding among individuals with low-risk pregnancies in the United States.

Background: Better understanding of the factors associated with formula feeding during the hospital stay can help in identifying potential lactation problems and promote early intervention. Our aim was to ascertain factors associated with exclusive formula feeding in newborns of low-risk pregnancies.

Methods: A population-based, retrospective study using the United States vital statistics datasets (2014-2018) evaluating low-risk pregnancies with a nonanomalous singleton delivery from 37 to 41 weeks.

Weekly Differences in the Prevalence of a Short Cervix at 18+0 to 23+6 Weeks of Gestation in Pregnant Women with and without a History of Preterm Delivery.

Objective: The study aimed to estimate weekly differences in the prevalence of a short cervix during the period of 18+0 to 23+6 weeks of gestation in pregnant women with and without a history of previous preterm delivery (PTD).

Design: An observational study was conducted.

Methods: Setting and participants: 20,002 pregnant women, 18,591 without a history of previous PTD (low risk) and 1,411 with at least one previous PTD (high risk), were evaluated at 18+0 to 23+6 weeks + days of gestation.

Implementing a Universal Cervical Length Screening Program in a Large Hospital System: It Takes Some Time to Achieve Consistent Results.

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe changes in the acceptance of transvaginal (TV) cervical length (CL) assessment and in the variance of CL measurements among operators, after implementation of universal TV-CL screening at 18+0 - to 23+6 weeks/days of gestation.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: This study was performed after universal TV-CL screening was implemented at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, TX, USA, for all women undergoing an anatomy ultrasound (US) between 18 0/6 and 23 6/7 weeks/days of gestation.

A self-determination theory based investigation of life skills development in youth sport.

This study investigated if basic need satisfaction and frustration mediated the associations between autonomy-supportive and controlling coaching behaviours and participants' development of eight different life skills in youth sport. British sports participants ( = 309, age = 14.71) completed measures assessing the study variables.

Neural heterogeneity underlying late adolescent motivational processing is linked to individual differences in behavioral sensation seeking.

Adolescent risk-taking, including sensation seeking (SS), is often attributed to developmental changes in connectivity among brain regions implicated in cognitive control and reward processing. Despite considerable scientific and popular interest in this neurodevelopmental framework, there are few empirical investigations of adolescent functional connectivity, let alone examinations of its links to SS behavior. The studies that have been done focus on mean-based approaches and leave unanswered questions about individual differences in neurodevelopment and behavior.

Doppler evaluation of normal and abnormal placenta.

Doppler techniques are needed for the evaluation of the intraplacental circulation and can be of great value in the diagnosis of placental anomalies. Highly sensitive Doppler techniques can differentiate between the maternal (spiral arteries) and fetal (intraplacental branches of the umbilical artery) components of the placental circulation and assist in the evaluation of the placental functional units. A reduced number of placental functional units can be associated with obstetric complications, such as fetal growth restriction.

Novel Speckle Tracking Analysis Showed Excellent Reproducibility for Size and Shape of the Fetal Heart and Good Reproducibility for Strain and Fractional Shortening.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate reproducibility and agreement of fetal cardiac shape and deformation using FetalHQ.

Methods: Fifty normal fetuses at 20-38 weeks of gestation were evaluated. Two operators independently selected an optimal cardiac cycle using FetalHQ®™software for speckle tracking analysis.