HIV-1 DNA Testing in Viremic Patients Identifies More Drug Resistance Than HIV-1 RNA Testing.

Background: The Department of Health and Human Services HIV-1 Treatment Guidelines recommend drug resistance testing in HIV-1 RNA to guide the selection of antiretroviral therapy in patients with viremia. However, resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in HIV-1 RNA may reflect only the patient's current regimen and can be lost during prolonged absence of therapy. We determined if HIV-1 DNA testing can provide drug resistance information beyond that identified in contemporaneous plasma virus.

Safety and immunogenicity of tetanus diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) immunization during pregnancy in mothers and infants: a randomized clinical trial.

Importance: Maternal immunization with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine could prevent infant pertussis.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Tdap immunization during pregnancy and its effect on infant responses to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Phase 1-2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial conducted from 2008 to 2012.

Improved obstetric outcomes and few maternal toxicities are associated with antiretroviral therapy, including highly active antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.

Data from 2543 HIV-infected women were analyzed to correlate antiretroviral therapy (ART) used during pregnancy with maternal and pregnancy outcomes. ART was analyzed according to class of agents used and according to monotherapy versus combination ART containing neither protease inhibitors (PIs) nor nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors versus highly active ART. Timing of ART was classified according to early (recorded at or before 25-week gestation study visit) and late (recorded at 32-week gestation or delivery visit) use.

The relationship of pregnancy to human immunodeficiency virus disease progression.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pregnancy on progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.

Study Design: We compared the immunologic, clinical, and virologic courses of 953 women who had no additional pregnancy after their index pregnancy, with the courses of 329 women who had a second pregnancy subsequent to their index pregnancy. Baseline variables included use of antiretroviral therapy, and CD4 and HIV RNA values.