Differences in Regional Anesthesia Utilization by Hospital Region in the United States.

Background: Regional anesthesia has been associated with improved postoperative outcomes. Disparities in regional anesthesia utilization exist; however, no studies have examined utilization rates as a function of hospital region.

Methods: A national hospital database (Hospital Corporation of America {HCA}) was queried for patients aged 18 years or older that received selected surgical procedure codes between January 2016 and June 2021.

Embryonic Stem Cell Growth Factors Regulate eIF2α Phosphorylation.

Growth factors and transcription factors are well known to regulate pluripotent stem cells, but less is known about translational control in stem cells. Here, we use embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to investigate a connection between ESC growth factors and eIF2α-mediated translational control (eIF2α phosphorylation promotes protein expression from mRNAs with upstream open-reading frames, or uORFs). We find abundant phosphorylated P-eIF2α (P-eIF2α) in both pluripotent mouse and human ESCs, but little P-eIF2α in ESCs triggered to differentiate.

The role of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) in regulation of osteogenic differentiation of rat dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs).

Objectives: Primary isolated dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) possess a strong osteogenesis capability, and such capability is reduced during in vitro culture. Because dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is essential in the maturation of osteoblasts, our objectives were to determine (1) the expression of DMP1 in the DFSCs, (2) the correlation between DMP1 expression and osteogenic capability of DFSCs, and (3) the ability of DMP1 to promote osteogenic differentiation of DFSCs.

Methods: DFSCs and their non-stem cell counterpart dental follicle cells (DFC) were established from postnatal rat pups.