A network investigation of core symptoms and pathways across duration of illness using a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral model of eating-disorder symptoms.

Background: In the past decade, network analysis (NA) has been applied to psychopathology to quantify complex symptom relationships. This statistical technique has demonstrated much promise, as it provides researchers the ability to identify relationships across many symptoms in one model and can identify central symptoms that may predict important clinical outcomes. However, network models are highly influenced by node selection, which could limit the generalizability of findings.

You're It-You've Got to Save Someone: Immediate Responders, Not Bystanders.

Recurring disasters and life-threatening emergencies mandate that communities across the world be adequately prepared to prevent, respond, and recover from these events. Experiences throughout the world with mass casualty incidents and other disasters have increasingly highlighted the vital role that "active bystanders"-persons at the scene of an event who step forward to help-can play in preventing, containing, reporting, saving lives, decreasing morbidity, and increasing resilience. This paper seeks to emphasize the importance of the public in response to emergencies.

Cognitive resilience following paediatric stroke: Biological and environmental predictors.

Little is known about resilience after paediatric stroke (PS), or the factors that contribute to better outcomes. Rather, research emphasis has been on impairment, measured through cross-sectional or retrospective designs, often heavily weighted to children presenting for clinical or rehabilitation follow-up. Implementing a resilience framework, this study aimed to investigate cognitive recovery post-stroke and factors that contribute to cognitive resilience at 12 months following PS.

A first-principle mechanism for particulate aggregation and self-assembly in stratified fluids.

An extremely broad and important class of phenomena in nature involves the settling and aggregation of matter under gravitation in fluid systems. Here, we observe and model mathematically an unexpected fundamental mechanism by which particles suspended within stratification may self-assemble and form large aggregates without adhesion. This phenomenon arises through a complex interplay involving solute diffusion, impermeable boundaries, and aggregate geometry, which produces toroidal flows.

A Systematic Review of UK Educational and Training Materials Aimed at Health and Social Care Staff about Providing Appropriate Services for LGBT+ People.

Background: There is greater dissatisfaction with health services by LGBT people compared to heterosexual and cisgender people and some of this is from lack of equality and diversity training for health professionals. Core training standards in sexual orientation for health professionals have been available since 2006. The purpose of this project is to systematically review educational materials for health and social care professionals in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues.

When do pictures reduce false memory?

An important discovery in false-memory research is Israel and Schacter's (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4, 577-581, 1997) finding that presenting pictures at study relative to words alone reduces false memory in the DRM paradigm, a result that has been replicated many times. The standard interpretation is that memory for visual processing of the pictures can be used to reject the critical distractors, which were not explicitly present at study. Beginning from the empirical observation that the pictures used by Israel and Schacter are not consistently labelled with the DRM word they are supposed to represent, we present a series of four studies designed to determine if it is the presentation of pictures or the mismatch between the pictures and the words that reduces false memory.

A Single Synonymous Variant (c.354G>A [p.P118P]) in Confers Enhanced Specific Activity.

Synonymous variants within coding regions may influence protein expression and function. We have previously reported increased protein expression levels ex vivo (~120% in comparison to wild-type) from a synonymous polymorphism variant, c.354G>A [p.

Transplanted interneurons improve memory precision after traumatic brain injury.

Repair of the traumatically injured brain has been envisioned for decades, but regenerating new neurons at the site of brain injury has been challenging. We show GABAergic progenitors, derived from the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence, migrate long distances following transplantation into the hippocampus of adult mice with traumatic brain injury, functionally integrate as mature inhibitory interneurons and restore post-traumatic decreases in synaptic inhibition. Grafted animals had improvements in memory precision that were reversed by chemogenetic silencing of the transplanted neurons and a long-lasting reduction in spontaneous seizures.

Effects of codon optimization on coagulation factor IX translation and structure: Implications for protein and gene therapies.

Synonymous codons occur with different frequencies in different organisms, a phenomenon termed codon usage bias. Codon optimization, a common term for a variety of approaches used widely by the biopharmaceutical industry, involves synonymous substitutions to increase protein expression. It had long been presumed that synonymous variants, which, by definition, do not alter the primary amino acid sequence, have no effect on protein structure and function.

Ambient air pollution and lung cancer risk among never-smokers in the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Ambient air pollution is classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). However, epidemiologic studies supporting this classification have focused on lung cancer mortality rather than incidence, and spatial and temporal resolutions of exposure estimates have varied considerably across studies.

Methods: We evaluated the association of outdoor air pollution and lung cancer incidence among never-smoking participants of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, a large, US-based cohort of postmenopausal women (N = 65,419; 265 cases).

Understanding drug distribution and release in ophthalmic emulsions through quantitative evaluation of formulation-associated variables.

Establishing bioequivalence (BE) of ophthalmic emulsions in the absence of in vivo data is challenging. In these emulsions, drug release is a complex process due to drug distribution among various phases which are difficult to characterize. The objective of this study is to investigate the process of drug distribution and mechanism of drug release in the context of formulation-associated variables.

Neonatal neuroimaging after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome.

Objective: Previous outcome reports of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have described neuroimaging anomalies and neurodevelopmental impairment. However, the link between imaging and outcome has not been described. We aimed to determine whether routine postoperative neonatal neuroimaging in infants with CDH detects later neurodevelopmental impairment.

Epilepsy Therapy Goes Viral.

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The evolution of healthcare disaster preparedness and response training at the FEMA Center for Domestic Preparedness.

The Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP) in partnership with the US Department of Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response is using a multiagency/organization, targeted, collaborative approach to adjust existing courses and develop responsive new courses to provide best practices education and experiential learning techniques in healthcare facility emergency resilience, preparedness, response, and recovery applicable to all first receivers. The CDP in Anniston, AL, is a Federal Emergency Management Agency training facility for the Nation's state, local, tribal, and territorial first responders and healthcare professionals. The Center's role has rapidly evolved to provide healthcare emergency preparedness, response, and management training.

A Systematic Review of Sexual Minority Women's Experiences of Health Care in the UK.

Sexual minority women (SMW) experience worse health and disproportionate behavioural risks to health than heterosexual women. This mixed-methods systematic review evaluated recent studies on health experiences of UK SMW, published 2010-2018. Analysis was through narrative thematic description and synthesis.

A Simple Method for Simulating Groundwater Interactions with Fens to Forecast Development Effects.

Protection of fens-wetlands dependent on groundwater discharge-requires characterization of groundwater sources and stresses. Because instrumentation and numerical modeling of fens is labor intensive, easy-to-apply methods that model fen distribution and their vulnerability to development are desirable. Here we demonstrate that fen areas can be simulated using existing steady-state MODFLOW models when the unsaturated zone flow (UZF) package is included.

Terrestrial emigration behaviour of two invasive crayfish species.

To disperse between isolated waterbodies, freshwater organisms must often cross terrestrial barriers and many freshwater animals that are incapable of flight must rely on transport via flooding events, other animals or anthropogenic activity. Decapods such as crayfish, on the other hand, can disperse to nearby waterbodies by walking on land, a behaviour that has facilitated the spread of invasive species. Overland movement could play a key role in the management of non-native crayfish, though to what extent terrestrial emigration occurs in different species is poorly understood.

Transfusion strategies in upper gastrointestinal bleeding management: a review of South Australian hospital practice.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common cause of hospital admission and red cell transfusion is frequently required. A large single-centre randomised study from 2013 showed that a restrictive transfusion strategy in UGIB management was associated with better outcomes compared to a liberal strategy. Subsequently multiple international guidelines favour a restrictive transfusion strategy.

Modulation of Resting Connectivity Between the Mesial Frontal Cortex and Basal Ganglia.

The mesial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and the ventral striatum are key nodes of the human mesial fronto-striatal circuit involved in decision-making and executive function and pathological disorders. Here we ask whether deep wide-field repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the mesial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) influences resting state functional connectivity. In Study 1, we examined functional connectivity using resting state multi-echo and independent components analysis in 154 healthy subjects to characterize default connectivity in the MPFC and mid-cingulate cortex (MCC).

Do infants with transposition of the great arteries born outside a specialist centre have different outcomes?

Background: Infants born with undiagnosed transposition of the great arteries continue to be born in district general hospitals despite the improvements made in antenatal scanning. Evidence indicates improved outcomes with early definitive treatment after birth, hence the recommendation of delivery in a tertiary centre. The role of specialist paediatric and neonatal transport teams, to advise, stabilise, and transport the infants to a tertiary centre in a timely manner, is critical for those infants born in a district general hospital.

Sexual Dysfunction in Male Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Seeking Mental Health Treatment.

Introduction: There is mixed evidence regarding how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters are associated with sexual dysfunction (SD), and most studies to date have failed to account for potentially confounding variables. Our study sought to explore the unique contribution of PTSD symptom clusters on (a) lack of sexual desire or pleasure, and (b) pain or problems during sexual intercourse, after adjusting for comorbidities and medication usage.

Materials And Methods: Participants included 543 male treatment-seeking veterans and Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel (aged <65 years), referred for treatment between September 2006 and September 2014.

Splicing dysregulation contributes to the pathogenicity of several F9 exonic point variants.

Background: Pre-mRNA splicing is a complex process requiring the identification of donor site, acceptor site, and branch point site with an adjacent polypyrimidine tract sequence. Splicing is regulated by splicing regulatory elements (SREs) with both enhancer and suppressor functions. Variants located in exonic regions can impact splicing through dysregulation of native splice sites, SREs, and cryptic splice site activation.