Exogenous -inositol increases salt tolerance and accelerates CAM induction in the early juvenile stage of the facultative halophyte but not in the late juvenile stage.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (ice plant) develops salt tolerance during the transition from the juvenile to the adult stage through progressive morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes. Myo -inositol is the precursor for the synthesis of compatible solute D-pinitol and promotes Na+ transport in ice plants.

Myo-inositol transport and metabolism participate in salt tolerance of halophyte ice plant seedlings.

Myo-inositol and its metabolic derivatives such as pinitol, galactinol, and raffinose affect growth and development and are also involved in stress adaptation. Previous studies have identified myo-inositol transporters (INTs) as transporters of Na from root to shoot in the halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). We found that the supply of myo-inositol could alleviate the dehydration effects of salt-stressed ice plant seedlings by decreasing the Na/K ratio in roots and increasing the Na/K ratio in shoots.

Effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for callus and roots of halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum).

Background: Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is a model plant for studying salt-tolerant mechanisms in higher plants. Many salt stress-responsive ice plant genes have been identified with molecular and biochemical approaches.

RING-type ubiquitin ligase McCPN1 catalyzes UBC8-dependent protein ubiquitination and interacts with Argonaute 4 in halophyte ice plant.

RING-type copines are a small family of plant-specific RING-type ubiquitin ligases. They contain an N-terminal myristoylation site for membrane anchoring, a central copine domain for substrate recognition, and a C-terminal RING domain for E2 docking. RING-type copine McCPN1 (copine1) from halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing osmolyte glycine betaine synthesizing enzymes from halophilic methanogen promote tolerance to drought and salt stress.

Glycine betaine (betaine) has the highest cellular osmoprotective efficiency which does not accumulate in most glycophytes. The biosynthetic pathway for betaine in higher plants is derived from the oxidation of low-accumulating metabolite choline that limiting the ability of most plants to produce betaine. Halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF1(T) is a model anaerobic methanogen to study the acclimation of water-deficit stresses which de novo synthesize betaine by the stepwise methylation of glycine, catalyzed by glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase (GSMT) and sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase.

Changes in cellular distribution regulate SKD1 ATPase activity in response to a sudden increase in environmental salinity in halophyte ice plant.

Halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (ice plant) rapidly responds to sudden increases in salinity in its environment by activating specific salt-tolerant mechanisms. One major strategy is to regulate a series of ion transporters and proton pumps to maintain cellular Na(+)/K(+) homeostasis.

Suppressor of K+ transport growth defect 1 (SKD1) interacts with RING-type ubiquitin ligase and sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase (SnRK1) in the halophyte ice plant.

SKD1 (suppressor of K+ transport growth defect 1) is an AAA-type ATPase that functions as a molecular motor. It was previously shown that SKD1 accumulates in epidermal bladder cells of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. SKD1 knock-down Arabidopsis mutants showed an imbalanced Na+/K+ ratio under salt stress.

Vacuolar acidity, protein profile, and crystal composition of epidermal bladder cells of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.

The halophyte Mesembryanthemum crytallinum L. (ice plant) is marked by giant epidermal bladder cells (EBC). The differentiation of pavement cells into EBC occurs at an early developmental stage.

Functional characterization of ice plant SKD1, an AAA-type ATPase associated with the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi network, and its role in adaptation to salt stress.

A salt-induced gene mcSKD1 (suppressor of K+ transport growth defect) able to facilitate K+ uptake has previously been identified from the halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). The sequence of mcSKD1 is homologous to vacuolar protein sorting 4, an ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities-type ATPase that participates in the sorting of vacuolar proteins into multivesicular bodies in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Recombinant mcSKD1 exhibited ATP hydrolytic activities in vitro with a half-maximal rate at an ATP concentration of 1.

Tissue-specific expression and functional complementation of a yeast potassium-uptake mutant by a salt-induced ice plant gene mcSKD1.

A full-length salt-induced transcript homologous to SKD1 (suppressor of K(+) transport growth defect) of the AAA (ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities)-type ATPase family has been identified from the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant). The expression of mcSKD1 was induced by 200 mM NaCl or higher in cultured ice plant cells. When cultured ice plant cells were grown in a high K(+) (42.