HC-Pro inhibits HEN1 methyltransferase activity, leading to autophagic degradation of AGO1.

Helper-component proteinase (HC-Pro), encoded by potyviruses, function as viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). Despite their conserved role, HC-Pros share approximately 40% similarity, implying potential differences in VSR efficiency, particularly in their ability to inhibit HEN1 methyltransferase activity. This study investigated the inhibitory potential of HC-Pros from different potyviruses in transgenic plants.

Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Clinicopathologic Series of 28 Cases Highlighting Genetic Differences Compared With Conventional, Atypical, and Metastasizing Conventional Tumors.

Giant cell tumors of bone are locally aggressive, frequently harbor H3F3A p.G34W mutations, and rarely undergo malignant transformation. The pathogenesis of malignant transformation remains incompletely characterized.

Understanding East-West differences in subsolid nodules: prevalence and overdiagnosis implications in lung cancer screening.

Background: Owing to the widespread opportunistic LDCT screening leading to increased overdiagnosis in Asian countries, such as South Korea, mainland China, and Taiwan, this study seeks to analyze the divergence in SSN prevalence between Eastern and Western nations, focusing on the influence of SSN on the growing overdiagnosis trend, notably among females.

Methods: This retrospective study collected data from 4166 participants who underwent baseline LDCT in a hospital-based cohort between January 2014 and August 2021. Clinical parameters, including age, sex, lung imaging reporting and data system (Lung-RADS) categories, smoking history, pack-year dose, and SSN characteristics, were extracted from electronic medical records.

An adaptive, continuous substrate feeding strategy based on evolved gas to improve fed-batch ethanol fermentation.

Advances in the ethanol fermentation process are essential to improving the performance of bioethanol production. Fed-batch fermentation is a promising approach to increase the final ethanol titer, which benefits the recovery in the bioethanol industry's downstream process. However, the development of feeding strategies, a crucial control variable in the fed-batch approach, is limited.

Efficacy of atezolizumab combined with platinum and etoposide in the treatment of extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is an aggressive, poorly differentiated Grade 3 (G3) tumor with high nuclear and cellular atypia and Ki-67 indices over 20%. While most cases are lung NECs, extrapulmonary NECs are rarer and less studied. Standard treatment involves etoposide and platinum (EP) chemotherapy.

Lessons Learned from Various 3D-Printed Tracheal Grafts in an Extensive Porcine Model for De Novo Tracheal Regeneration.

Background: Tracheal implants using tissue-engineering and three-dimensional (3D) printing are promising, but challenges remain, including graft composition, anastomosis methods, and tracheal tissue regeneration. This study examines the effectiveness of various tracheal graft materials in a large animal model.

Methods: Thirty-eight tracheal surgeries were performed on a porcine large animal model, involving a 2 cm circumferential tracheal excision with end-to-end anastomosis.

Development of cerebral microhemorrhages in a mouse model of hypertension.

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH) are the pathological substrate for MRI-demonstrable cerebral microbleeds, which are associated with cognitive impairment and stroke. Aging and hypertension are the main risk factors for CMH. In this study, we investigated the development of CMH in a mouse model of aging and hypertension.

Effect of Tafamidis on Clinical and Functional Parameters in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) has recently gained recognition as a rare and fatal disease. Tafamidis, a first-in-class transthyretin stabilizer, has emerged as a promising agent for attenuating disease progression. Nevertheless, how tafamidis alters clinical and imaging parameters remains unclear.

Reduced cerebellar rhythm by climbing fiber denervation is linked to motor rhythm deficits in mice and ataxia severity in patients.

Cerebellar ataxia results from various genetic and nongenetic disorders and is characterized by involuntary movements that impair precision and motor rhythm. Here, we report that climbing fiber (CF) denervation is a common pathophysiology underlying motor rhythm loss in cerebellar ataxia. By examining cerebellar pathology in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1, 2, and 6 and multiple system atrophy, we identified CF degeneration with synaptic loss as a shared pathophysiology.

Improved Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration After an 8-Week Exergaming Intervention for Exercise Training Among Elementary Schoolchildren in Taiwan.

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week exergaming intervention for exercise training on sleep quality and sleep duration among elementary schoolchildren in Taiwan.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was employed, with 68 elementary schoolchildren (aged 10.76 ± 0.

Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on transplant survival and key clinical outcomes in heart transplant recipients with diabetes.

Background: Chronic kidney disease and heart allograft vasculopathy are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplant. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on transplant survival, cardiovascular events, dialysis, and all-cause mortality in diabetes patients who have undergone heart transplantation.

Methods: In this research, we adopted data from the TriNetX collaborative network to observe outcomes in patients who underwent heart transplants between January 01, 2015 and December 31, 2022.

Targeting TNIP1 as a new therapeutic avenue for major depressive disorder.

TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) is a polyubiquitin-binding protein that functions as a negative regulator of NF-κB pathway and alleviates inflammation, but little is known about its role in major depressive disorder (MDD). After discovering an elevated TNIP1 expression in monocytes from individuals with MDD after antidepressant treatment, our analyses further uncovered a significant rise in TNIP1 mRNA expression among patients experiencing remission after antidepressant treatment, particularly in those who received duloxetine. We aimed to explore the potential of TNIP1 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of MDD.

Advances in spin properties of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots from materials to applications.

Over the past decade, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gained an inexhaustible deal of attention due to their unique zero-dimensional (0D) and quantum confinement properties, which boosted their wide research implication and reliable applications. As one of the promising 0D member and rising star of the carbon family, plant leaf-derived GQDs have attracted significant attention from scholars working in different research fields. Owing to its novel photophysical properties including high photo-stability, plant leaf-derived GQDs have been increasingly utilized in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices.

Biochar-based electrochemical sensors: a tailored approach to environmental monitoring.

Biochar (BC), often obtained via thermochemical conversion methods of biomass, has emerged as a versatile material with significant potential in electrochemical sensing applications. This review critically examines the recent advancements in the development of BC-based sensors for the electrochemical determination of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals, phenolic compounds, and microplastics. BC-based electrochemical sensors have emerged as a promising alternative due to their sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and excellent electrochemical properties.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists therapy to attenuate the risk of knee osteoarthritis and total knee replacement in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nation-wide population-based cohort study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study was mainly based on data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. Using big data analysis, we showed that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment is helpful for patients with T2DM who have a lower risk of KOA or total knee replacement (TKR).

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and migraine: A United States population-based cohort study.

Objective: To determine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the incidence of migraine using a large population-based dataset, as well as to identify the at-risk target groups.

Background: Epidemiological and biochemical studies have provided evidence for the close connection between sleep disorders and migraine. Understanding the connections between OSA and migraine, as well as their shared risk factors, may provide new perspectives on the pathophysiology of both OSA and migraine and novel approaches to managing and treating these conditions.

A statistical framework for multi-trait rare variant analysis in large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies.

Large-scale whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies have improved our understanding of the contributions of coding and noncoding rare variants to complex human traits. Leveraging association effect sizes across multiple traits in WGS rare variant association analysis can improve statistical power over single-trait analysis, and also detect pleiotropic genes and regions. Existing multi-trait methods have limited ability to perform rare variant analysis of large-scale WGS data.

The efficacy and safety profile of third-line treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: For metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC), there are no established third-line chemotherapy options. We examined the efficacy and safety of third-line chemotherapy in patients with mPDAC in real-world practice.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 257 patients with mPDAC and progressive disease after first-line treatment with gemcitabine-based regimens and second-line treatment with liposomal irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin at five Taiwanese medical centers from 2018 to 2022.

Clonal dynamics of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia progression: paired-sample comparison.

This study investigated the clonal evolution of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) by next-generation sequencing and pyrosequencing for variant allele frequency (VAF) of gene mutations and SNP microarray for copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in 38 paired samples from CMML/sAML patients of Taiwanese origin. The median interval between CMML and sAML samples collection was 14.9 months (1.

PIVKA-II as a surrogate biomarker for therapeutic response in Non-AFP-secreting hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a key biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but 30-40% of cases are AFP-negative. Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II) is more sensitive for HCC detection, though its role in systemic therapy remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate PIVKA-II in non-AFP-secreting HCC treated with systemic therapy.

Triangular Margin: Reliable Imaging Feature of Fibrous Dysplasia in Long Bones?

Objective: To determine the utility of a triangular margin as an imaging diagnostic feature for fibrous dysplasia.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all surgically biopsied or managed benign and malignant bone tumors by a single orthopedic oncologist over 19 years (2003 to 2022). A musculoskeletal radiologist and an orthopedic oncologist, both with >10 years of experience, retrospectively evaluated all imaging in consensus.

Comparative impact of tertiary lymphoid structures and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is a challenging malignancy with limited responses to conventional therapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been implicated in the immune response to cancer. However, the role and difference of TLSs and TILs in patients with cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear.

B7-H3 CAR-T cell therapy combined with irradiation is effective in targeting bulk and radiation-resistant chordoma cancer cells.

Background: Chordoma is a slow-growing, primary malignant bone tumor that arises from notochordal tissue in the midline of the axial skeleton. Surgical excision with negative margins is the mainstay of treatment, but high local recurrence rates are reported even with negative margins. High-dose radiation therapy (RT), such as with proton or carbon ions, has been used as an alternative to surgery, but late local failure remains a problem.