Publications by authors named "Hung Chuan Pan"

Prolyl-tRNA synthetases (ProRSs) are unique among aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) in having two distinct structural architectures across different organisms: prokaryote-like (P-type) and eukaryote/archaeon-like (E-type). Interestingly, Bacillus thuringiensis harbors both types, with P-type (BtProRS1) and E-type ProRS (BtProRS2) coexisting. Despite their differences, both enzymes are constitutively expressed and functional in vivo.

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Prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS), belonging to the family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases responsible for pairing specific amino acids with their respective tRNAs, is categorized into two distinct types: the eukaryote/archaeon-like type (E-type) and the prokaryote-like type (P-type). Notably, these types are specific to their corresponding cognate tRNAs. In an intriguing paradox, Thermus thermophilus ProRS (TtProRS) aligns with the E-type ProRS but selectively charges the P-type tRNA, featuring the bacterium-specific acceptor-stem elements G72 and A73.

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Neuro-inflammation involves distinct alterations of microglial phenotypes, containing nocuous pro-inflammatory M1-phenotype and neuroprotective anti-inflammatory M-phenotype. Currently, there is no effective treatment for modulating such alterations. M1/M2 marker of primary microglia influenced by Melatonin were detected via qPCR.

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Background: Manual detection of brain metastases is both laborious and inconsistent, driving the need for more efficient solutions. Accordingly, our systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of deep learning algorithms in detecting and segmenting brain metastases from various primary origins in MRI images.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to May 24, 2023, which yielded 42 relevant studies for our analysis.

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Microglial cells are a macrophage-like cell type residing within the CNS. These cells evoke pro-inflammatory responses following thrombin-induced brain damage. Inflammasomes, which are large caspase-1-activating protein complexes, play a critical role in mediating the extracellular release of HMGB1 in activated immune cells.

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Background: Deep learning-based segmentation algorithms usually required large or multi-institute data sets to improve the performance and ability of generalization. However, protecting patient privacy is a key concern in the multi-institutional studies when conventional centralized learning (CL) is used.

Purpose: To explores the feasibility of a proposed lesion delineation for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) scheme for federated learning (FL), which can solve decentralization and privacy protection concerns.

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Alanyl-tRNA synthetase retains a conserved prototype structure throughout its biology. Nevertheless, its C-terminal domain (C-Ala) is highly diverged and has been shown to play a role in either tRNA or DNA binding. Interestingly, we discovered that Caenorhabditis elegans cytoplasmic C-Ala (Ce-C-Ala) robustly binds both ligands.

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Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protein which is closely related to neurodegenerative disorders. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is well expressed in microglia cells involving inflammatory disorders of the brain. However, it remains unclear as to how modulation of AhR expression by thrombin is related to the development of neurodegeneration disorders.

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The combination of re-irradiation and bevacizumab has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients experiencing their first glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurrence. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the re-irradiation and bevacizumab combination in treating second-progression GBM patients who are resistant to bevacizumab monotherapy. This retrospective study enrolled 64 patients who developed a second progression after single-agent bevacizumab therapy.

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Background: The delineation of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) is crucial for subsequent treatment planning. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Applying deep learning to automatically detect and segment bAVM might help to improve clinical practice efficiency.

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Article Synopsis
  • Microsurgery is the primary treatment for large vestibular schwannomas (VS), but the effects of radiosurgery (specificallyGKRS) need more research to clarify benefits and long-term outcomes.
  • A study of 39 patients who received GKRS for large VS showed a majority had favorable outcomes, with factors like smaller tumor volume and less brainstem deformity linked to better results.
  • The research indicates that assessing brainstem deformity can help predict clinical outcomes, while tumor regression is particularly tied to the cystic volume-to-tumor volume ratio.
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  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a low survival rate, making effective treatment options critical.
  • This study investigates the effects of ciglitazone, a PPARγ agonist primarily used for type 2 diabetes, on GBM, revealing its ability to inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, and cell migration.
  • Results indicate ciglitazone's actions involve interference with specific signaling pathways and activation of mechanisms like autophagy, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for malignant glioma.
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  • Gamma knife radiosurgery (GK) is often delayed in its radiation response, and this study explored how the COVID-19 pandemic affected decision-making for patients needing this treatment.
  • The research involved 540 cases treated from January 2019 to August 2021, comparing 207 cases before the pandemic to 333 cases during it, noting increases in delays and fewer follow-ups during the pandemic.
  • Key findings revealed that patients treated during the pandemic had longer wait times for consultation and treatment, a higher rate of neurological deficits, and a notable difference in comorbidities compared to those treated before or after vaccinations became available.
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Neuropathic pain is well known to occur after damage to the somatosensory system. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has neuroprotective effects when the central nervous system is subjected to internal and external stimulations. However, the exact mechanism by which AhR regulates neuropathic pain is poorly understood.

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Objective: The leading treatment option for dural carotid−cavernous sinus fistula is an endovascular approach with immediate improvement. Alternatively, radiosurgery is a slow response for obliterating the fistula and poses a radiation risk to the optic apparatus and the associated cranial nerves and blood vessels. In this study, we retrieved cases from a prospective database to assess the ophthalmological outcomes and complications in treating dural carotid cavernous sinus fistula with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS).

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Background And Purpose: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with multiple contributing factors. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), with a reciprocal function to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is involved in airway inflammation. The exact relationship between IGF1R and AhR in lung fibrogenesis is unclear.

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Article Synopsis
  • Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are promising anti-cancer drugs that can suppress the progression of cancer by affecting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration.
  • This study explored how Honokiol, a natural compound, inhibits HDAC3 to prevent the spread of gastric cancer by affecting various cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways.
  • Results showed that Honokiol reduces HDAC3 activity, correlating with better cancer prognosis, and significantly reduces cancer cell migration and invasion, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option in treating gastric cancer metastasis.
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Background: The benefit and the risk profile of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for intracerebral cavernoma remains incompletely defined in part due to the natural history of low incidence of bleeding and spontaneous regression of this vascular malformation. In this study, we retrieved cases from a prospectively collected database to assess the outcome of intracerebral cavernoma treated with GKRS using a double blinded review process for treatment.

Methods: From 2003 to 2018, there were 94 cases of cavernoma treated by GKRS in the doubly blinded assessments by two experienced neurological and approved for GKRS treatment.

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Background: Peripheral nerve injuries result in muscle denervation and apoptosis of the involved muscle, which subsequently reduces mitochondrial content and causes muscle atrophy. The local injection of mitochondria has been suggested as a useful tool for restoring the function of injured nerves or the brain.

Objective: To determine outcomes following the administration of isolated mitochondria into denervated muscle after nerve injury that have not been investigated.

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Objective: Pediatric lumbar disc herniation (LDH), although uncommon, causes significant pain, discomfort, and sometimes disability. We examined the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for pediatric LDH and the degree of lumbar disc degeneration at 1 year after PELD.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of pediatric patients with LDH who underwent PELD from December 2007 to July 2018.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The patient underwent surgery for two discs (C4-C5 and C5-C6), but developed severe HO after four years, along with another herniated disc (HIVD) that caused spinal cord compression at the C3-C4 level.
  • * A follow-up surgery with a different disc implant successfully treated the adjacent segment HIVD, highlighting the importance of minimizing tissue damage during the initial CDA to help prevent HO complications
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Background: The gold standard surgical treatment of nerve injury includes direct repair, nerve graft, and neurolysis. The underlying effects (either beneficial or detrimental) of angiogenesis during nerve regeneration by rotational muscle flap have not yet determined. We assess the neurological outcome and angiogenesis of nerve injury following a rotational muscle flap.

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Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family mainly involved in neuronal degeneration. However, the role of DLK signaling in the neuropathic pain has not yet been fully determined. Chronic constrictive injury (CCI) was conducted by four 3-0 chromic gut ligatures loosely ligated around the sciatic nerve.

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Background: Gamma knife treatment outcome of large pituitary tumors which are only partially irradiated secondary to immediate proximity to critical structures such as the optic apparatus have not been rigorously studied.

Materials And Methods: From July 2003 to December 2013, there were 41 cases of recurrent or residual nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma partially treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) because the adenoma obscured part of the optic apparatus on planning SRS MR imaging.

Results: The follow up period after GKRS was 92.

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Background: High-frequency transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is currently used for the administration of electrical current in denervated muscle to alleviate muscle atrophy and enhance motor function; however, the time window (i.e. either immediate or delayed) for achieving benefit is still undetermined.

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