Tyndall, Rayleigh, Mei, and Raman scattering: Understanding their role in aesthetics.

The role of various light scattering phenomena in aesthetics and clinical practice is explored in this review. Four main types of light scattering, Tyndall, Rayleigh, Mie, and Raman, are discussed. Each type is explained in terms of its physical principles and its applications in aesthetic medicine.

The treatment of hyaluronic acid aesthetic interventional induced visual loss (AIIVL): A consensus on practical guidance.

Background: Visual loss (blindness) caused by injection of soft tissue fillers is a rare but devastating issue to both patient and practitioner. There is a lack of any structured protocol in the management of this problem AIMS: To produce a pathway for the management of hyaluronic acid aesthetic interventional induced visual loss that was based on the current available literature and guidelines. evidence proposed guidance for the practical management of this problem.

Time and motion in cosmetic surgery.

Time and motion studies have been used to analyze performance and improve outcomes. This prospective study evaluated a typical operating day at a surgical facility in the United Kingdom by recording admitting time into the hospital, entrance and exit times from theatre, and length of surgical time. The same surgical team performed 10 breast augmentations in less than 10 hr, with a mean preparation time of 9 min 20 s and a mean surgical time (from incision to closure) of 32 min.

Mammaplasty: the 'Modified Benelli' technique with de-epithelialisation and a double round-block suture.

Benelli in 1990 demonstrated the round-block technique in mammaplasty to confine the scar in the areola. However, problems of scar widening and changes in areola shape represent a common problem with this technique. We present a modification to the technique that preserves the shape of the areola without the need for a non-absorbable suture.

Lubricant and razor debridement in partial thickness burn.

By aiming to relieve pain from removing blisters in partial thickness burn, we tested whether the application of a sterile lubricant (KY-Jelly) on blisters and the use of a sterile razor to remove their roof can reduce algesia in humans, compared to a conventional method. A prospective randomized controlled designed study was performed on 20 patients. A visual pain scale was used by patients to evaluate pain experienced.

A modified electroshave technique for the treatment of rhinophyma.

Rhinophyma is commonly treated by shaving the involved florid tissue with a scalpel. A technique using a modified electrocoagulation handset, which was used on 11 patients, is described. This technique allows the operator to sculpt the shape of the nose in a relatively bloodless field.

Performance indicators in surgery.

Performance indicators are of vital importance to surgeons today. Many different examples from industry are being utilized by present management in the NHS, but surgeons and most medical professionals remain sceptical. This article introduces some of the performance indicators in use and examines concepts in the context of surgical practice.

Fasciocutaneous blood supply in below-knee amputation.

Skin cover after below-knee amputation has been extensively discussed. We describe the flaps which are commonly used and discuss their vascular basis in the context of the current knowledge of the fasciocutaneous system. An understanding of this vascular system will enable surgeons to plan and shape flaps for surgical exposure and coverage.

Eusol: the plastic surgeon's choice?

Many products are currently promoted for use on wounds. Edinburgh University Solution of Lime (Eusol) has recently received adverse publicity regarding its use in wound management. One hundred and twenty-four consultant plastic surgeons were surveyed regarding their use of Eusol.

The pulsed tuneable dye laser as an aid in the management of postburn scarring.

Permanent erythematous scarring following burns is a common problem which may be disfiguring and distressing for the patient. In this case the pulsed tuneable dye laser (585 nm) was used to treat the areas of scarring and also used prophylactically on an active scar.

Letters.

SYSTEMIC HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTIONS.

Human intervertebral disc: structure and function.

This review begins with a brief introduction in which the development, blood supply and innervation of the intervertebral disc is considered, particularly as these may influence the following sections on structure and function. The three regions within the disc--that is, the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage end plates--are considered in some detail. There appears to be no distinct border between the central nucleus pulposus and the outer annulus fibrosus, the main difference being in their fibrous structure.

Absent patella and contralateral patella alta observed with scoliosis.

A combination of vertebral column and lower limb abnormalities was observed during routine dissection in an 85 year old female cadaver. The combination of musculoskeletal anomalies reported here has many close parallels with other reported conditions.