Endocannabinoid involvement in beneficial effects of caloric restriction in a rodent model of comorbid depression and epilepsy.

Clinically, patients with depression are at a heightened risk for developing epilepsy, and vice versa, suggesting shared mechanisms for this bidirectional comorbidity. Unfortunately, comorbid depression and epilepsy is associated with worsened quality of life and treatment refractoriness, highlighting the need for novel treatment targets and nonpharmacologic supplements to existing therapies. The present study used the Swim-Low Active rat, a well-validated model of depression and epilepsy comorbidity that was selectively bred based on forced swim test behavior, to assess the safety and efficacy of caloric restriction in treating this comorbidity.

Effect of processing speed and memory performance on classification accuracy of the dot counting test in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample.

Objective: This study examined the impact of impairment in two specific cognitive abilities, processing speed and memory, on Dot Counting Test (DCT) classification accuracy by evaluating performance validity classification accuracy across cognitively unimpaired, single-domain impairment, and multidomain impairment subgroups within a mixed clinical sample.

Method: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 348 adult outpatients classified as valid ( = 284) or invalid ( = 64) based on four independent criterion performance validity tests (PVTs). Unimpaired ( = 164), single-domain processing speed impairment ( = 24), single-domain memory impairment ( = 53), and multidomain processing speed and memory impairment ( = 43) clinical subgroups were established among the valid group.

Neuropsychological assessment, intervention, and best practices for women with non-Central nervous system cancer: A scoping review of current standards.

Existing literature has sought to characterize the broad cognitive impact of non-central nervous system cancer and its treatment, including chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and hormonal regulation. However, despite the frequency of women that are diagnosed with breast and gynecological cancer, there is limited research on the specific cognitive experiences of women undergoing cancer treatment. Presently, the current literature lacks concise guidance for neuropsychologists to support the cognitive health of women facing cancer, despite the acknowledged impact of cancer interventions and chronic illness on cognitive outcomes.

Adverse childhood experiences, cognitive functioning, depression, and anxiety in adulthood.

Background: Evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict cognitive dysfunction, possibly through direct (e.g., brain structure/function changes) and indirect (e.

Does Far Cortical Locking Improve Fracture Healing in Distal Femur Fractures: A Randomised, Controlled, Prospective Multicentre Study.

(1) Background: Bone healing is influenced by various mechanical factors, such as stability, interfragmentary motion, strain rate, and direction of loading. Far cortical locking (FCL) is a novel screw design that promotes bone healing through controlled fracture motion. (2) Methods: This study compared the outcome of distal femur fractures treated with FCL or SL (standard locking) screws and an NCB plate in a randomised controlled prospective multicentre trial.

Does comorbid depression impact executive functioning (EF) in adults diagnosed with ADHD?: a comparison of EF across diagnoses in clinically-referred individuals.

Introduction: Executive functioning (EF) is a salient factor in both ADHD as well as depressive disorders. However, sparse literature has examined whether depression severity impacts EF concurrently among adults with ADHD. The goal of this study was to examine differences in EF between adult patients diagnosed with ADHD and those diagnosed with a non-ADHD primary psychopathological condition, as a function of both ADHD presentation and depression severity in a diverse clinical sample.

Social Determinants of Health: Associations Between Dichotomous Versus Dimensional Scores, Neuropsychological Test Performance, and Psychiatric Symptoms.

This study examined the utility of dichotomous versus dimensional scores across two measures of social determinants of health (SDOH) regarding their associations with cognitive performance and psychiatric symptoms in a mixed clinical sample of 215 adults referred for neuropsychological evaluation ( = 43.91, 53.5% male, 44.

Using the Grooved Pegboard Test as an Embedded Validity Indicator in a Mixed Neuropsychiatric Sample with Varying Cognitive Impairment: Cross-Validation Problems.

Embedded validity indicators (EVIs) derived from motor tests have received less empirical attention than those derived from tests of other neuropsychological abilities, particularly memory. Preliminary evidence suggests that the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPB) may function as an EVI, but existing studies were largely conducted using simulators and population samples without cognitive impairment. In this study we aimed to evaluate the GPB's classification accuracy as an EVI among a mixed clinical neuropsychiatric sample with and without cognitive impairment.

Ondansetron-induced pseudoallergy with non-ischemic myocardial injury: A rare case report of Kounis syndrome.

Ondansetron is an FDA-approved selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor commonly indicated as an anti-emetic agent for nausea and vomiting. It is rare to observe fatal reactions from ondansetron despite having no allergies or previous exposure. We report a case of anaphylactoid reaction with spontaneous coronary vasospasms in response to intravenous ondansetron.

A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago.

Extant literature investigates the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes, however there is a paucity of work examining mental health distress as a risk factor for COVID-19 outcomes. While systemic variables like income inequality relate to both mental health and COVID-19, more work is needed to test theoretically informed models including such variables. Using a social-ecological framework, we aimed to address these gaps in the literature by conducting a neighborhood-level analysis of potential mental health distress and systemic- (income inequality) level predictors of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality over time in Chicago.

Mentorship in clinical neuropsychology: Survey of current practices, cultural responsiveness, and untapped potential.

Introduction: Neuropsychology trainees have identified mentorship as an important factor in their training. Limited past work has been conducted on mentorship within neuropsychology, and there is a need to better understand the experiences and perspectives of neuropsychology mentors.

Method: Self-identified mentors in clinical neuropsychology completed a survey about their mentorship practices, including culturally responsive mentorship, as well as perceived barriers and challenges to providing effective mentorship.

Assessing performance validity during attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder evaluations: Cross-validation of non-memory embedded validity indicators.

Embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) are key components of neuropsychological evaluations. However, most are memory-based and may be less useful in the assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Four non-memory-based validity indices derived from processing speed and executive functioning measures commonly included in ADHD evaluations, namely Verbal Fluency (VF) and the Trail Making Test (TMT), were cross-validated using the Rey 15-Item Test (RFIT) Recall and Recall/Recognition as memory-based comparison measures.

A comparison of embedded validity indicators from the Stroop Color and Word Test among adults referred for clinical evaluation of suspected or confirmed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This study investigated the utility of four Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) indices, including the raw score and T score for the word reading (WR) and color naming (CN) trials, as embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) within a sample referred for evaluation of suspected or known attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data were analyzed from a final sample of 317 patients consecutively referred for ADHD evaluation, which was divided into groups with invalid ( = 43; 14%) and valid neuropsychological test performance ( = 274; 86%). A subset of the valid group with confirmed ADHD diagnoses ( = 226; 71%) were also analyzed separately.

Something new and something blue: Responses to novelty in a rodent model of depression and epilepsy comorbidity.

A bidirectional comorbidity exists between depression and epilepsy such that patients with epilepsy are at higher risk for developing depression, and vice versa. Each of these conditions individually can be complicated by behavioral effects that worsen quality of life, but less is known about these interactions within the comorbidity of depression and epilepsy. The SwLo rat has been selectively bred for depression-relevant behaviors and exhibits enhanced limbic seizure susceptibility.

Expanding the potential genes of inborn errors of immunity through protein interactions.

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of genetic disorders that impair the immune system, with over 400 genes described so far, and hundreds more to be discovered. To facilitate the search for new genes, we need a way to prioritize among all the genes in the genome those most likely to play an important role in immunity.

Results: Here we identify a new list of genes by linking known IEI genes to new ones by using open-source databases of protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, and transcriptional regulation.

A scoping review of stereotype threat for BIPOC: Cognitive effects and intervention strategies for the field of neuropsychology.

Objective: Abundant evidence documents stereotype threat's (ST) detrimental effect on test performance across identities and contexts (i.e., eliciting underperformance).

Developing Prepare2Thrive, a community-based intervention targeting treatment engagement among African American individuals living with HIV and serious mental illness.

African American individuals living with HIV and serious mental illness (SMI) may report relatively low treatment engagement, despite treatment engagement being critical to managing both health conditions. Here, we have two aims: to describe the methodology we used to collect focus group data on treatment engagement with a sample of African American individuals living with HIV and SMI, and to describe the results of those focus groups in the context of intervention development. We conducted two focus groups ( = 15), integrating a social-ecological model for our theoretical framework, Community-Based Participatory Research for study design and execution, and group concept mapping for data analysis.

The Actin-Capping Protein Alpha-Adducin Is Required for T-Cell Costimulation.

Alpha-adducin (Add1) is a critical component of the actin-spectrin network in erythrocytes, acting to cap the fast-growing, barbed ends of actin filaments, and recruiting spectrin to these junctions. Add1 is highly expressed in T cells, but its role in T-cell activation has not been examined. Using a conditional knockout model, we show that Add1 is necessary for complete activation of CD4+ T cells in response to low levels of antigen but is dispensable for CD8+ T cell activation and response to infection.

The Impact of Epidemiological Factors and Treatment Interventions on Survival in Patients With Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas.

Objectives: Primary pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare histologic variant of pancreatic carcinoma. A population-based analysis of pancreatic SRCC was performed to determine the predictive effects of epidemiological factors and treatment interventions on overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).

Materials And Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry was searched for pancreatic SRCC cases diagnosed between January 1, 1973 and December 31, 2013.

Solid Cup vs Cluster Hole in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A 10-Year Randomized Control Trial.

Background: Acetabular osteolysis is a major complication of total hip arthroplasty. It is caused in part by wear debris. It has been suggested that this debris can migrate through screw holes in the acetabular component.

Tibial tubercle osteotomy to improve exposure in complex knee fractures: A cadaveric study and case series.

Unlabelled: Adequate exposure is fundamental to safely and correctly perform open procedures around the knee. Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) has previously been described as a method to improve exposure, particularly in complex primary elective knee arthroplasty or revision surgery. We describe a tibial tubercle osteotomy technique to improve exposure in complex knee fractures and a cadaveric study and trauma case series.

Metallosis following a dual coat porous hydroxyapatite shoulder hemiarthroplasty.

We report a case of metallosis following a shoulder hemiarthroplasty with a humeral component resurfacing shoulder replacement.

Cluster hole versus solid cup in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized control trial.

Acetabular osteolysis has been linked to polyethylene debris that is generated in the hip migrating through screw holes in the acetabular component. Solid-backed acetabular components were designed to decrease this osteolysis. This prospective trial randomized 100 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty to either a solid-backed or a cluster-hole acetabular component-all without screws.