Screening and referral programs for diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Can community pharmacists bridge the care gap?

Background And Objectives: Heart disease and diabetes are leading causes of death in the U.S., with timely screening, referrals, and education being critical for effective treatment.

Macrophage Therapy for Acute Liver Injury (MAIL): a study protocol for a phase 1 randomised, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate safety, tolerability and activity of allogeneic alternatively activated macrophages in patients with paracetamol-induced acute liver injury in the UK.

Introduction: Acute liver failure (ALF) has no effective treatment other than liver transplantation and is commonly caused by paracetamol overdose. New treatments are needed to treat and prevent ALF. Alternatively-activated macrophages (AAMs) can promote resolution of liver necrosis and stimulate hepatocyte proliferation.

The emerging role of alternatively activated macrophages to treat acute liver injury.

Acute liver injury (ALI) has a clear requirement for novel therapies. One emerging option is the use of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs); a distinct subtype of macrophage with a role in liver injury control and repair. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the current limited options for ALI, and the potential advantages offered by AAMs.

Decomposing unaccusativity: a statistical modelling approach.

While the two types of intransitive verbs, i.e., unergative and unaccusative, are hypothesised to be syntactically represented, many have proposed a semantic account where abstract properties related to agentivity and telicity, often conceptualised as binary properties, determine the classification.

RCEM best practice guideline: suspected cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in emergency departments.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is an episodic syndrome of cyclic vomiting in the context of the prolonged use of cannabis. The Royal College of Emergency Medicine Toxicology Special Interest Group has produced guidance to support emergency medicine clinicians with the recognition and treatment of people experiencing CHS.Considerations regarding recognition, investigation and communication are discussed, and recommendations regarding treatment options (which include haloperidol and capsaicin) are made.

ABCG2 transporter reduces protein aggregation in cigarette smoke condensate-exposed A549 lung cancer cells.

Cigarette smoke-induced protein aggregation damages the lung cells in emphysema and COPD; however, lung cancer cells continue to thrive, evolving to persist in the toxic environment. Here, we showed that upon the cigarette smoke condensate exposure, A549 lung cancer cells exhibit better survival and reduced level of protein aggregation when compared to non-cancerous Beas-2B and H-6053 cells. Our data suggests that upregulation of efflux pumps in cancer cells assists in reducing smoke toxicity.

T1-/T2-weighted ratio reveals no alterations to gray matter myelination in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Short-range functional connectivity in the limbic network is increased in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and recent studies have shown that cortical myelin content correlates with fMRI connectivity. We thus hypothesized that myelin may increase progressively in the epileptic network. We compared T1w/T2w gray matter myelin maps between TLE patients and age-matched controls and assessed relationships between myelin and aging.

Novel biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury.

Introduction: Liver toxicity due to medicines (drug-induced liver injury) is a challenge for clinicians and drug developers. There are well-established biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury, which are widely used and validated by decades of clinical experience. These include alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin.

Consensus on acute behavioural disturbance in the UK: a multidisciplinary modified Delphi study to determine what it is and how it should be managed.

Background: Acute behavioural disturbance (ABD) is a term used in law enforcement and healthcare, but there is a lack of clarity regarding its meaning. Common language should be used across staff groups to support the identification, prioritisation and delivery of care to this group of patients. The terminology currently used is inconsistent and confusing.

Friedreich's ataxia: new insights.

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited disease that is typically caused by GAA repeat expansion within the first intron of the FXN gene coding for frataxin. This results in the frataxin deficiency that affects mostly muscle, nervous, and cardiovascular systems with progressive worsening of the symptoms over the years. This review summarizes recent progress that was achieved in understanding of molecular mechanism of the disease over the last few years and latest treatment strategies focused on overcoming the frataxin deficiency.

Community Pharmacy Recruitment for Practice-Based Research: Challenges and Lessons Learned.

To support the successful integration of community pharmacies into value-based care models, research on the feasibility and effectiveness of novel pharmacist-provided patient care services is needed. The UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, supported by the National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS) Foundation, designed the Community-based Valued-driven Care Initiative (CVCI) to (1) identify effective value-based patient care interventions that could be provided by community pharmacists, (2) implement and evaluate the feasibility of the selected patient care interventions, and (3) develop resources and create collaborative sustainability opportunities. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe recruitment strategies for CVCI and share lessons learned.

Retrospective cohort study of acute behavioural disturbance in police use of force reports.

Background: Acute Behavioural Disturbance (ABD) is a presentation of behavioural change which may conceal life-threatening illness. Concerns have been raised that it is used as a justification for deaths in custody and within the health and care system, but there is a lack of evidence exploring how the term ABD is applied in the UK.

Aims: to establish how UK police officers apply force in ABD compared to other presentations, examine outcome and fatality data, and identify regional variation and potential systemic issues in the application of the term ABD in a UK setting.

Coordinated anatomical and functional variability in the human brain during adolescence.

Adolescence represents a time of unparalleled brain development. In particular, developmental changes in morphometric and cytoarchitectural features are accompanied by maturation in the functional connectivity (FC). Here, we examined how three facets of the brain, including myelination, cortical thickness (CT), and resting-state FC, interact in children between the ages of 10 and 15.

Late dominance of the right hemisphere during narrative comprehension.

PET and fMRI studies suggest that auditory narrative comprehension is supported by a bilateral multilobar cortical network. The superior temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) makes it an attractive tool to investigate the dynamics of how different neuroanatomic substrates engage during narrative comprehension. Using beta-band power changes as a marker of cortical engagement, we studied MEG responses during an auditory story comprehension task in 31 healthy adults.

SNAPTIMED study: does the Scottish and Newcastle Antiemetic Protocol achieve timely intervention and management from the emergency department to discharge for paracetamol poisoning?

Background: This study aimed to establish whether the modified 12-hour Scottish and Newcastle Antiemetic Protocol (SNAP) for paracetamol poisoning is associated with improvement in hospital length of stay (LoS), as well as to validate the performance of the protocol for the prevention of anaphylactoid reactions and total infusion duration.

Methods: Retrospective chart review from 25 March 2019 to 25 September 2020. Patients aged 16 or older with a diagnosis of suspected or confirmed paracetamol overdose were included in the analysis if they received treatment for paracetamol poisoning, and the protocol used could be identified.

A Distributed Network for Multimodal Experiential Representation of Concepts.

Neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and psychophysical evidence indicate that concept retrieval selectively engages specific sensory and motor brain systems involved in the acquisition of the retrieved concept. However, it remains unclear which supramodal cortical regions contribute to this process and what kind of information they represent. Here, we used representational similarity analysis of two large fMRI datasets with a searchlight approach to generate a detailed map of human brain regions where the semantic similarity structure across individual lexical concepts can be reliably detected.

Imposing Compulsory Rugby Union on Schoolchildren: An Analysis of English State-Funded Secondary Schools.

Objective: To establish the extent to which Rugby Union was a compulsory physical education activity in state-funded secondary schools in England and to understand the views of Subject Leaders for Physical Education with respect to injury risk.

Method: A cross-sectional research study using data obtained under the Freedom of Information Act (2000) from 288 state-funded secondary schools.

Results: Rugby Union was delivered in 81% ( = 234 of 288) of state-funded secondary school physical education curricula, including 83% ( = 229 of 275) of state-funded secondary school boys' and 54% ( = 151 of 282) of girls' physical education curricular.

Prediction of Naming Outcome With fMRI Language Lateralization in Left Temporal Epilepsy Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Naming decline after left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery is common and difficult to predict. Preoperative language fMRI may predict naming decline, but this application is still lacking evidence. We performed a large multicenter cohort study of the effectiveness of fMRI in predicting naming deficits after left TLE surgery.

Decoding the information structure underlying the neural representation of concepts.

The nature of the representational code underlying conceptual knowledge remains a major unsolved problem in cognitive neuroscience. We assessed the extent to which different representational systems contribute to the instantiation of lexical concepts in high-level, heteromodal cortical areas previously associated with semantic cognition. We found that lexical semantic information can be reliably decoded from a wide range of heteromodal cortical areas in the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex.

Association of Transit Time With Cold Ischemic Time in Kidney Transplantation.

This cross-sectional study examines the association between transit time and cold ischemic time for adult, deceased kidney transplant donors.

Complex Fibroadenoma with Pronounced Squamous Metaplasia: A Rare Case Report, Differential Diagnostic Considerations, and Associated Breast Cancer Risk.

Squamous metaplasia of the breast is a rare and unusual finding. A number of benign and malignant differential entities exist when squamous cells are present in a breast lesion. Our patient was found to have pronounced squamous metaplasia and keratin cysts arising in a complex fibroadenoma.