Typological and cumulative approaches to risk and adversity in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS): Retrospective cohort analysis in South London.

Background: Childhood adversity is robustly associated with mental ill-health. Yet questions remain about how different ways of conceptualising adversity relate to psychiatric diagnoses and service activity. This research aims to examine associations between typological and cumulative conceptualisations of adversity, and psychiatric diagnosis and service activity.

Creating a Culturally Safe Online Data Collection Instrument to Measure Vaccine Confidence Among Indigenous Youth: Indigenous Consensus Method.

Background:  Participating in surveys can shape the perception of participants related to the study topic. Administering a vaccine hesitancy questionnaire can have negative impacts on participants' vaccine confidence. This is particularly true for online and cross-cultural data collection because culturally safe health education to correct misinformation is typically not provided after the administration of an electronic survey.

GP remote consultations with marginalised patients and the importance of place during care: a qualitative study of the role of place in GP consultations.

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the use of remote consultations in general practice in the UK. This leads to the displacement of the consultation outside of the physical general practice, and its 'emplacement' elsewhere, with underexplored consequences for inequities of health care in marginalised groups.

Aim: To examine the place-making demands that remote consultations make on patients, and the ways that these affect their experiences of care, with a focus on the impact on patients from marginalised groups.

Non-communicable airway disease and air pollution in three African Countries: Benin, Cameroon and The Gambia.

Background: Air pollution exposure can increase the risk of development and exacerbation of chronic airway disease (CAD). We set out to assess CAD patients in Benin, Cameroon and The Gambia and to compare their measured exposures to air pollution.

Methodology: We recruited patients with a diagnosis of CAD from four clinics in the three countries.

Perspectives on registration to primary care from inclusion health groups in England: a mixed-method study.

Background: Although everyone living in the UK is entitled to access free primary care within the National Health Service (NHS), evidence shows that people in need of health care are wrongly being refused access. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of individuals from inclusion health groups on primary care registration and accessibility.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods study.

Interventions to improve access to primary care for inclusion health groups in England: a scoping review.

Background: Everyone in England has the right to primary care without financial charges. Nevertheless, evidence shows that barriers remain for inclusion health populations such as vulnerable migrants, people experiencing homelessness, Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller (GRT) communities, and people who sell sex. There is little evidence for what works to improve access.

Rho Kinase Inhibitor AR-12286 Reverses Steroid-Induced Changes in Intraocular Pressure, Effective Filtration Areas, and Morphology in Mouse Eyes.

Purpose: We investigated mechanisms of reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) by Rho kinase inhibitor AR-12286 in steroid-induced ocular hypertension (SIOH).

Methods: C57BL/6 mice (N = 56) were randomly divided into Saline, dexamethasone (DEX), DEX + AR-12286, and DEX-discontinuation (DEX-DC) groups. IOP was measured weekly during the first four weeks in all groups.

The Trinidad and Tobago Covid-19 Domestic Violence Victimization and Perpetration Study.

Purpose: While there is available scholarship in the Global North on DV victimization and perpetration during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a dearth of similar scholarship in the Global South. With this in mind, the Trinidad and Tobago COVID-19 Domestic Violence Victimization and Perpetration study was conducted in an attempt to fill that void.

Method: An online questionnaire containing a qualitative component was used to gather data aimed at determining whether DV victimization and perpetration had increased during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as possible contributory factors.

Buffering the Fear of COVID-19: Social Connectedness Mediates the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Psychological Wellbeing.

Social connections are crucial for an individual's health, wellbeing, and overall effective functioning. During the COVID-19 pandemic, one major preventative effort for reducing the spread of COVID-19 involved restricting people's typical social interactions through physical distancing and isolation. The current cross-sectional study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, explored the relationship among fear of COVID-19, social connectedness, resilience, depressive symptomologies, and self-perceived stress.

Leveraging Administrative Data to Better Understand and Address Child Maltreatment: A Scoping Review of Data Linkage Studies.

Background: This scoping review aimed to overview studies that used administrative data linkage in the context of child maltreatment to improve our understanding of the value that data linkage may confer for policy, practice, and research.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC electronic databases in June 2019 and May 2020 for studies that linked two or more datasets (at least one of which was administrative in nature) to study child maltreatment. We report findings with numerical and narrative summary.

Determining stakeholder priorities and core components for school-based identification of mental health difficulties: A Delphi study.

Only approximately half of children and young people (CYP) with mental health difficulties access mental health services in England, with under-identification of need as a contributing factor. Schools may be an ideal setting for identifying mental health difficulties in CYP, but uncertainty remains about the processes by which these needs can best be identified and addressed. In this study, we conducted a two-round, three-panel Delphi study with parents, school staff, mental health practitioners, and researchers to inform the development of a program to identify mental health difficulties in primary schools.

Relationships between Intraocular Pressure, Effective Filtration Area, and Morphological Changes in the Trabecular Meshwork of Steroid-Induced Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Eyes.

We investigated whether an inverse relationship exists between intraocular pressure (IOP) and effective filtration area (EFA) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in a steroid-induced ocular hypertensive (SIOH) mouse model and the morphological changes associated with the reduction of EFA. C57BL/6 mice ( = 15 per group) received either 0.1% dexamethasone (DEX) or saline eye drops twice daily for five weeks.

HIF-1α Regulation of Cytokine Production following TLR3 Engagement in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Is Dependent on Viral Nucleic Acid Length and Glucose Availability.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an important regulator of glucose metabolism and inflammatory cytokine production in innate immune responses. Viruses modulate HIF-1α to support viral replication and the survival of infected cells, but it is unclear if this transcription factor also plays an important role in regulating antiviral immune responses. In this study, we found that short and long dsRNA differentially engage TLR3, inducing distinct levels of proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-6) in bone marrow-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice.

Nitrate contamination in drinking water and colorectal cancer: Exposure assessment and estimated health burden in New Zealand.

Background: Epidemiological evidence in multiple jurisdictions has shown an association between nitrate exposure in drinking water and an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Objective: We aimed to review the extent of nitrate contamination in New Zealand drinking water and estimate the health and financial burden of nitrate-attributable CRC.

Methods: We collated data on nitrate concentrations in drinking water for an estimated 85% of the New Zealand population (∼4 million people) who were on registered supplies.

Memantine Improves Recovery After Spreading Depolarization in Brain Slices and can be Considered for Future Clinical Trials.

Background: Spreading depolarization (SD) has been identified as a key mediator of secondary lesion progression after acute brain injuries, and clinical studies are beginning to pharmacologically target SDs. Although initial work has focused on the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine, there is also interest in alternatives that may be better tolerated. We recently showed that ketamine can inhibit mechanisms linked to deleterious consequences of SD in brain slices.

DECRYPT trial: study protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in youth exposed to multiple traumatic stressors.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a distressing and disabling condition that affects significant numbers of children and adolescents. Youth exposed to multiple traumas (eg, abuse, domestic violence) are at particular risk of developing PTSD. Cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD), derived from adult work, is a theoretically informed, disorder-specific form of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy.

The early course and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in very young children: diagnostic prevalence and predictors in hospital-attending children and a randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial of trauma-focused cognitive therapy, for 3- to 8-year-olds.

Background: The introduction of developmentally adapted criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has improved the identification of ≤6-year-old children with clinical needs. Across two studies, we assess predictors of the development of PTSD in young children (PTSD-YC), including the adult-led acute stress disorder (ASD) diagnosis, and provide proof of principle for cognitive-focused therapy for this age range, with the aim of increasing treatment options for children diagnosed with PTSD-YC.

Method: Study 1 (N = 105) assessed ASD and PTSD-YC diagnosis in 3- to 8-year-old children within one month and at around three months following attendance at an emergency room.

Antenatal care and determinants of obstetric danger signs awareness of immediate postpartum women at Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon.

Introduction: a significant proportion of pregnancy related deaths result from delay in decision to seek care and this often stems from failure to identify obstetric danger signs earlier. Early identification of these danger signs will therefore reduce maternal mortality. However, studies on obstetric danger signs awareness are lacking in Cameroon.

Meaning Matters: Self-Perceived Meaning in Life, Its Predictors and Psychological Stressors Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Past research has found that a perceived meaning in life can act as a protective factor against adverse mental health symptomology, while also providing coping resources to buffer against the impact of negative life events. The current research investigated how the impact of self-perceived meaning in life as well as its predictors interact with stressors and worry related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected survey based data ( = 260) from Australian participants during the pandemic, measuring their meaning in life, orientation to differing life goals and COVID-19 related stressors via the impact of events scale.

Food-restricted alcohol consumption: relation to psychopathology in college students.

Food-restricted alcohol consumption (FRAC) is a growing concern among college students. We investigated demographic and lifestyle characteristics and psychiatric symptoms associated with FRAC. : College students ( = 561) at a large southeastern university in the United States.

Optimizing the Future Competitiveness of the Physician Assistant Profession.

Aims: The physician assistant (PA) profession is presently one of the fastest-growing occupations in the United States with demand projected to remain strong in the coming years. This period of rapid growth amidst a changing healthcare landscape presents a timely opportunity to evaluate and optimize the PA profession to ensure its continued value and marketability moving forward. This study sought to understand the opinions of advanced practice providers (APPs) regarding the importance of various factors in helping the PA profession maximize its competitiveness within the APP marketplace and value within the healthcare field.

Evaluating the CYP-IAPT transformation of child and adolescent mental health services in Cambridgeshire, UK: a qualitative implementation study.

Background: The Children and Young People's Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (CYP-IAPT) programme was introduced to transform Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) across England. The programme comprised a set of principles that local CAMHS partnerships were expected to operationalise and embed with the aim of increasing access to services and improving the quality of care. This study explored how the implementation of the CYP-IAPT programme was executed and experienced by CAMHS professionals in the county of Cambridgeshire (UK), and the extent to which the CYP-IAPT principles were perceived to be successfully embedded into everyday practice.