Treatment of acute renal failure caused by renal artery occlusion with renal artery angioplasty.

Background: Renovascular disease is a common cause of renal impairment and hypertension, particularly in the older population. Oligoanuric acute renal failure secondary to renal artery occlusion is not well recognized; however, it is potentially reversible if identified and treated.

Methods: Five patients presented to our institution with oligoanuric acute renal failure.

Diuretic and haemodynamic effects of MK 447 in normotensive and hypertensive sheep.

The short term effects of the novel diuretic MK 447 were examined in both normotensive and hypertensive (ACTH treated) conscious sheep. The drug had profound diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic effects in both groups. Plasma sodium was unchanged but plasma potassium fell and haematocrit increased.

Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition with indomethacin in ACTH-induced hypertension.

The short- and long-term effects of indomethacin administration were examined in normotensive and ACTH-induced hypertensive conscious sheep. Indomethacin, 1 mg/kg/h for 60 min, caused a transient rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and calculated total peripheral resistance (CTPR) and a fall in cardiac output in normotensive sheep. In sheep with ACTH hypertension, these haemodynamic effects were prolonged.

Effect of potassium, angiotensin II and ACTH on blood aldosterone and cortisol in sheep on different dietary potassium and sodium intakes.

The short term aldosterone response to manipulations of potassium (K), angiotensin II (AII) and ACTH were examined in sheep on a variety of chronic electrolyte regimes. Reduction in Na intake increased blood aldosterone to a greater extent on 100 mmol/day K than a K-free diet. Aldosterone increased in response to AII under conditions of chronic dietary Na restriction, in contrast to acute Na depletion.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): an established treatment for endstage renal failure.

This paper is a study of 117 patients with endstage renal failure, treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) over periods of 1-56 months. The study has shown CAPD to be an effective form of dialysis with a number of advantages over intermittent peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (better control of salt and water status, hypertension and anemia, steady state biochemistry and greater ease of self-dialysis). Peritoneal clearance and ultrafiltration have remained adequate in all but a few patients.

The effect of ACTH on the blood clearance rate of aldosterone, cortisol, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 17 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in the sheep.

The blood clearance rate (BCR) of aldosterone, cortisol, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha OHP) and 17 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha 20 alpha OHP) has been measured in conscious sheep prior to and after 5 or 6 days ACTH treatment. ACTH increased the BCR of cortisol but did not change the BCR of the other three steroids. 17 alpha OHP had a BCR greater than liver blood flow suggesting extra-hepatic metabolism.

The effect of renal denervation on ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep.

1. The effect of renal denervation on ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep has been examined. 2.

Effect of adrenocortical steroids and their structural analogues on blood pressure in sheep.

1. A model of adrenocortical steroid-induced hypertension based on the effects of ACTH administration has been developed in sheep. The present studies examine the effects of a number of different steroid hormones on blood pressure to investigate their structure-activity relationships.

In-vivo modification of angiotensin II pressor responsiveness in sheep by indomethacin.

1. Sodium (Na) depletion, due to uncompensated loss of parotid saliva, reduces the pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) in intact conscious sheep. 2.

Haemodynamic changes in ACTH-incuded hypertension in sheep.

1. ACTH (20 microgram/kg per day) produced an elevation in blood pressure associated with an increase in cardiac output in conscious sheep, due in the first 72 h to a rise in heart rate. Stroke volume did not rise until the fourth day of ACTH treatment.

Haemodynamics of ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep.

1. Administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to sheep produced increases in mean arterial pressure within 24 h associated with an increase in cardiac output and cardiac rate. Both cardiac output and blood pressure remained elevated over the 5 days of ACTH treatment.

Comparison of the effects of 'glucocorticoid' and 'mineralocortocoid' infusions on blood pressure in sheep.

It is generally believed that adrenal steroid hypertension is due to the 'mineralocorticoid' and/or 'glucocorticoid' activities of the steroid(s). The present study examines the blood pressure and metabolic effects of steroid hormone infusion in intact conscious sheep to assess the relative contributions of 'glucocorticoid' and 'mineralocorticoid' activity. Cortisol at 5 mg/h increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) but the effect was small (MAP + 10 mm Hg on day 5).

Klinefelter's syndrome: experiences with 24 patients.

Twenty-four karotypically proven patients with Klinefelter's syndrome were studied. The majority suffered from disorders of personality and social adjustment. All were poorly educated.

Experience with prazosin in the treatment of patients with severe hypertension.

The efficacy and safety of prazosin, a new vasodilator antihypertensive agent, used mainly in combination with other hypotensive medication, was evaluated in 50 hypertensive patients, 28 of whom had left ventricular hypertrophy and 28 of whom had renal impairment. In 44 cases this agent was introduced because of an inadequate response to, or side effects from other agents. In 38 cases (76%) there was a satisfactory response, the diastolic blood pressure being reduced to 100 mm Hg or less.

Acute renal failure due to leptospirosis with hyponatraemia.

Severe forms of leptospirosis causing acute renal failure are uncommon in Australia. Reported here is one such case, with marked hyponatraemia, which was treated with peritoneal dialysis. Biopsy findings are presented.