Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Addition to Carbonyls, Imines, and Related Polarized π Bonds.

The transition-metal-catalyzed addition of C-H bonds to carbonyls, imines, and related polarized π bonds has emerged as a particularly efficient and powerful approach for the construction of an incredibly diverse array of heteroatom-substituted products. Readily available and stable inputs are typically employed, and reactions often proceed with very high functional group compatibility and without the production of waste byproducts. Additionally, many transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond additions to polarized π bonds occur within cascade reaction sequences to provide rapid access to a diverse array of different heterocyclic as well as carbocyclic products.

Auditory fovea in the ear of a duetting katydid shows male-specific adaptation to the female call.

Convergent evolution has led to surprising functional and mechanistic similarities between the vertebrate cochlea and some katydid ears [1,2]. Here we report on an 'auditory fovea' (Figure 1A) in the duetting katydid Ancylecha fenestrata (Tettigoniidae). The auditory fovea is a specialized inner-ear region with a disproportionate number of receptor cells tuned to a narrow frequency range, and has been described in the cochlea of some vertebrates, such as bats and mole rats [3,4].

Rate adaptive pacing in an intracardiac pacemaker.

Background: The Micra transcatheter pacemaker was designed to have similar functionality to conventional transvenous VVIR pacing systems. It provides rate adaptive pacing using a programmable 3-axis accelerometer designed to detect patient activity in the presence of cardiac motion.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the system's performance during treadmill tests to maximum exertion in a subset of patients within the Micra Transcatheter Pacing Study.

Study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial: Safety, Tolerability, efficacy and quality of life Of a human recombinant alkaline Phosphatase in patients with sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury (STOP-AKI).

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 55-60% of critically ill patients, and sepsis is the most common underlying cause. No pharmacological treatment options are licensed to treat sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI); only supportive renal replacement therapy (RRT) is available. One of the limited number of candidate compounds in clinical development to treat SA-AKI is alkaline phosphatase (AP).

Challenges and Outcomes of Posterior Wall Isolation for Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: The left atrial posterior wall (PW) often contains sites required for maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Electrical isolation of the PW is an important feature of all open surgeries for AF. This study assessed the ability of current ablation techniques to achieve PW isolation (PWI) and its effect on recurrent AF.

Conversion factors between human and automatic readouts of CDMAM phantom images of CR mammography systems.

In mammography screening, profound assessment of technical image quality is imperative. The European protocol for the quality control of the physical and technical aspects of mammography screening (EPQCM) suggests using an alternate fixed choice contrast-detail phantom-like CDMAM. For the evaluation of technical image quality, human or automated readouts can be used.

Real-World Assessment of Acute Left Ventricular Lead Implant Success and Complication Rates: Results from the Attain Success Clinical Trial.

Background: Left ventricular lead (LVL) implant success rates have historically ranged between 70.5% and 95.5%.

Spectrum optimization for computed radiography mammography systems.

Purpose: Technical quality assurance is a key issue in breast screening protocols. While full-field digital mammography systems produce excellent image quality at low dose, it appears difficult with computed radiography (CR) systems to fulfill the requirements for image quality, and to keep the dose below the limits. However, powder plate CR systems are still widely used, e.

Adenosine-Induced Atrial Fibrillation: Localized Reentrant Drivers in Lateral Right Atria due to Heterogeneous Expression of Adenosine A1 Receptors and GIRK4 Subunits in the Human Heart.

Background: Adenosine provokes atrial fibrillation (AF) with a higher activation frequency in right atria (RA) versus left atria (LA) in patients, but the underlying molecular and functional substrates are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that adenosine-induced AF is driven by localized reentry in RA areas with highest expression of adenosine A1 receptor and its downstream GIRK (G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels) channels (IK,Ado).

Methods: We applied biatrial optical mapping and immunoblot mapping of various atrial regions to reveal the mechanism of adenosine-induced AF in explanted failing and nonfailing human hearts (n=37).

Highly Stereoselective Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Three-Component C-H Bond Addition Cascade.

A highly stereoselective three-component C(sp(2) )-H bond addition across alkene and polarized π-bonds is reported for which Co(III) catalysis was shown to be much more effective than Rh(III) . The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature with both aryl and alkyl enones employed as efficient coupling partners. Moreover, the reaction exhibits extremely broad scope with respect to the aldehyde input; electron rich and poor aromatic, alkenyl, and branched and unbranched alkyl aldehydes all couple in good yield and with high diastereoselectivity.

Anesthesia care for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter/defibrillator placement: a single-center experience.

Background: The recently approved subcutaneous implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (S-ICD) uses a single extrathoracic subcutaneous lead to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. This is different from conventional transvenous ICDs, which are typically implanted under sedation. Currently, there are no reports regarding the anesthetic management of patients undergoing S-ICD implantation.

Molecular analysis of a male breast cancer patient with prolonged stable disease under mTOR/PI3K inhibitors BEZ235/everolimus.

The mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus (Afinitor/RAD001) has been approved for multiple cancer indications, including ER(+)/HER2(-) metastatic breast cancer. However, the combination of everolimus with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 was shown to be more efficacious than either everolimus or BEZ235 alone in preclinical models. Herein, we describe a male breast cancer (MBC) patient who was diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive (HR(+))/HER2(-) stage IIIA invasive ductal carcinoma and sequentially treated with chemoradiotherapy and hormonal therapy.

A Population Health Management Approach to Oral Health.

Clinical outcomes have been shown to be better, and total costs lower, when patients with chronic illness such as diabetes are managed using a population health strategy in a primary care setting that includes structured coordination of care with specialty services. This "population health management approach" offers a promising new vision for addressing oral disease as a chronic illness through a collaborative partnership between primary care teams and dental professionals.

Oral Health in Primary Care: A Framework for Action.

This special communication presents the Oral Health Delivery Framework, a conceptual model for incorporating preventive oral health care in routine medical care and improving referrals from primary care to dentistry. The framework, along with supporting case examples and stakeholder actions, was published in Oral Health: An Essential Component of Primary Care in June 2015. To access the full white paper and supporting resources, visit www.

Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: Meta-Analysis of Quality of Life, Morbidity, and Mortality.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a collaborative meta-analysis of published and unpublished quality-of-life, morbidity, and mortality data from randomized controlled trial comparisons of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and antiarrhythmic drug therapy (AAD) in symptomatic atrial fibrillation.

Background: RFA is superior to AAD in decreasing recurrences of atrial fibrillation, but the effects on other clinical outcomes are not well established.

Methods: The primary investigators of eligible randomized controlled trials were invited to contribute standardized outcome data.

Dry matter and digesta particle size gradients along the goat digestive tract on grass and browse diets.

Physical properties of the digesta vary along the ruminant digestive tract. They also vary within the forestomach, leading to varying degrees of rumen contents stratification in 'moose-type' (browsing) and 'cattle-type' (intermediate and grazing) ruminants. We investigated the dry matter concentration (DM) and the mean digesta particle size (MPS) within the forestomach and along the digestive tract in 10 goats fed grass hay or dried browse after a standardized 12-h fast, euthanasia and freezing in the natural position.

Gating of Acoustic Transducer Channels Is Shaped by Biomechanical Filter Processes.

Mechanoelectrical transduction of acoustic signals is the fundamental process for hearing in all ears across the animal kingdom. Here, we performed in vivo laser-vibrometric and electrophysiological measurements at the transduction site in an insect ear (Mecopoda elongata) to relate the biomechanical tonotopy along the hearing organ to the frequency tuning of the corresponding sensory cells. Our mechanical and electrophysiological map revealed a biomechanical filter process that considerably sharpens the neuronal response.

Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure Perfluorobutanesulfinamide and Its Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Acids.

A high yielding and practical two-step synthesis of enantiomerically pure perfluorobutanesulfinamide from Senanayake's 2-aminoindanol-derived sulfinyl transfer reagent was developed and carried out on a multigram scale. Straightforward condensation of this sulfinamide with ethyl glyoxylate provided the N-perfluorobutanesulfinyl imino ester. The utility of this activated N-sulfinyl imino ester was demonstrated for reactions that gave either no product or very low yields with the corresponding less electrophilic N-tert-butanesulfinyl derivative.

Towards the Synthesis of Dihydrooxepino[4,3-b]pyrrole-Containing Natural Products via Cope Rearrangement of Vinyl Pyrrole Epoxides.

An approach to the dihydrooxepino[4,3-b]pyrrole core of diketopiperazine natural products which utilizes a vinyl pyrrole epoxide Cope rearrangement was investigated. It was found that an ester substituent on the epoxide was essential for the [3,3]-rearrangement to occur. Density functional calculations with M06-2X provided explanations for the effects of the pyrrole and ester groups on these rearrangements.