Active metabolic weight estimation using bioimpedance, indirect calorimetry and the clino-ortho maneuver.

The resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate utilization are computed by indirect calorimetry technique (ICT). The REE represents 80-85% of the total energy expenditure (TEE) but only accounts for the 7% of the actual body weight (ABW). The TEE is produced by the organs plus muscles, whereas the REE accounts only for the main organs.

Method to observe hemodynamic and metabolic changes during hemodiafiltration therapy with exercise.

Intradyalitic exercise programas are important to improve patient's hemodynamic stability. Blood pressure and metabolic changes are correlated when heat accumulation is due to increment of the body core temperature (+1.0 °C).

Isothermic vs thermoneutral hemodiafiltration evaluation by indirect calorimetry.

HD and HDF as hemodialytic therapies normally alter patient's haemodynamic stability, due to the inflammatory response to extracorporeal blood circuit, producing increment of the core temperature (+1.0 degrees C). However, such increase in temperature could be controlled by lowering dialysate's temperature using two main modalities techniques (isothermic and thermoneural) with different patient's thermal balance consequences, not yet well studied.