Racioethnic disparities in comorbidities and outcomes following head and neck oncologic surgery.

Objectives: Racial disparities persist despite attempts to establish an egalitarian framework for surgical care. This study aimed to investigate racioethnic disparities in comorbidities and outcomes following surgery for head and neck tumors.

Methods: This retrospective study included adult patients who underwent head and neck oncologic surgery between 2008 and 2020 from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

Smart IoT-based snake trapping device for automated snake capture and identification.

The threat of snakebites to public health, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, requires effective mitigation strategies to avoid human-snake interactions. With the development of an IoT-based smart snake-trapping device, an innovative non-invasive solution for preventing snakebites is presented, autonomously capturing and identifying snakes. Using artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the entire system is designed to improve the safety and efficiency of snake capture, both in rural and urban areas.

Blood transfusions in craniotomy for tumor resection: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes.

Background: Blood transfusions (BT) are often needed in neurosurgical procedures, especially craniotomies for tumor resections, due to risks of anemia, ischemic brain injury, and hemorrhage. However, BT may increase the risk of perioperative complications. This study aimed to determine the incidence, associated factors, and outcomes of BT in patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumor resection.

A novel contrast enhancement technique for diabetic retinal image pre-processing and classification.

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness among individuals aged 18 to 65 with diabetes, affecting 35-60% of this population, according to the International Diabetes Federation. Early diagnosis is critical for preventing vision loss, yet processing raw fundus images using machine learning faces significant challenges, particularly in accurately identifying microaneurysm lesions, which are crucial for diagnosis.

Methods: This study proposes a novel pre-processing technique utilizing the Modified Fuzzy C-means Clustering approach combined with a Support Vector Machine classifier.

Evaluation of Hepatotoxic Potential of an Azo Dye, Eriochrome Black T on Freshwater Catfish, Clarias batrachus.

Nowadays, textile industries are one of the major contributors to water pollution, causing a devastating impact on aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of a textile azo dye, Eriochrome Black T (EBT), on the liver of a freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus. Fish were exposed to three concentrations of EBT, i.

Enhanced ECCD36 signaling promotes skeletal muscle insulin resistance in female mice.

Consumption of a Western diet (WD) increases CD36 expression in vascular, hepatic, and skeletal muscle tissues promoting lipid metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. We further examined the role of endothelial cell-specific CD36 (ECCD36) signaling in contributing to skeletal muscle lipid metabolic disorders, insulin resistance, and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Female ECCD36 wild-type (ECCD36) and knock-out (ECCD36) mice, aged 6 wk, were provided with either a WD or a standard chow diet for a duration of 16 wk.

Alteration in oxidative stress markers, digestive physiology and gut microbiota of Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus exposed to eriochrome black T.

Synthetic dyes are the primary cause of water pollution in industrial regions. Azo dyes account for 60-70% of such dyes used in the textile sector due to their numerous beneficial characteristics. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the toxicity of Eriochrome Black T (EBT), a widely used azo dye in the textile industry.

Impact of Drain Placement on Postoperative Complications after Thyroidectomy for Substernal Goiter.

 Despite the evidence against drain placement after thyroidectomy, there is a lack of consensus on drain use in patients with substernal goiter.  To assess the factors that increase the likelihood of drain placement and its impact on postoperative hematoma and other 30-day complications among adult patients undergoing thyroidectomy for substernal goiter.  A retrospective cohort study that used data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP).

An efficient densenet-based deep learning model for Big-4 snake species classification.

Snakebite poses a significant health threat in numerous tropical and subtropical nations, with around 5.4 million cases reported annually, which results in 1.8-2.

Clinical utility of handheld fundus and smartphone-based camera for monitoring diabetic retinal diseases: a review study.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading global cause of vision loss, accounting for 4.8% of global blindness cases as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Fundus photography is crucial in ophthalmology as a diagnostic tool for capturing retinal images.

Crosstalk between Aldosterone and Glycation through Rac-1 Induces Diabetic Nephropathy.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) interaction with its receptor (RAGE) and aldosterone (Aldo) through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activates Rac-1 and NF-κB independently in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the crosstalk of Aldo with AGEs-RAGE is still unresolved. Our study examined the impact of the AGEs-Aldo complex on renal cells and its effect on the RAGE-MR interaction.

Protective effect of didymin against 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.

Purpose: 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is one of the most potent environmental toxicants, which causes oxidative stress and adversely affects the male reproductive system. The current study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative role of didymin (DDM) against TCDD-induced testicular toxicity.

Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups (n=12).

Micro-segmentation of retinal image lesions in diabetic retinopathy using energy-based fuzzy C-Means clustering (EFM-FCM).

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent cause of global visual impairment, contributing to approximately 4.8% of blindness cases worldwide as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The condition is characterized by pathological abnormalities in the retinal layer, including microaneurysms, vitreous hemorrhages, and exudates.

Determination of histological and genotoxic parameters of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus exposed to lead (Pb).

This study investigates the hazardous effects of lead on the histological and genotoxic parameters of the fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Present work was conducted in a series of three steps. In first step, acute toxicity, LC50 and lethal lead concentration were measured using Probit analysis method.

Endothelial MRs Mediate Western Diet-Induced Lipid Disorders and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Females.

Consumption of a Western diet (WD) consisting of excess fat and carbohydrates activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which has emerged as an important risk factor for systemic and tissue insulin resistance. We recently discovered that activated mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in diet-induced obesity induce CD36 expression, increase ectopic lipid accumulation, and result in systemic and tissue insulin resistance. Here, we have further investigated whether endothelial cell (EC)-specific MR (ECMR) activation participates in WD-induced ectopic skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and dysfunction.

Differential expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on various immune cells and its role in human leprosy.

Leprosy is a chronic bacterial disease caused by . Leprosy patients have been found to have defects in T cells activation, which is critical to the clearance of the bacilli. Treg cell suppression is mediated by inhibitory cytokines such as IL10, IL-35 and TGF-β and its frequency is higher in leprosy patients.

Mesorhizobium improves chickpea growth under chromium stress and alleviates chromium contamination of soil.

Environmental pollution has become a transnational issue that impacts ecosystems, soil, water, and air and is directly related to human health and well-being. Chromium pollution decreases the development of plant and microbial populations. It warrants the need to remediate chromium-contaminated soil.

Endothelial cell-specific mineralocorticoid receptor activation promotes diastolic dysfunction in diet-induced obese male mice.

Widespread consumption of diets high in fat and fructose (Western diet, WD) has led to increased prevalence of obesity and diastolic dysfunction (DD). DD is a prominent feature of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the underlying mechanisms of DD are poorly understood, and treatment options are still limited.

An automated unsupervised deep learning-based approach for diabetic retinopathy detection.

As per the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) report, 35-60% of people suffering from diabetic retinopathy (DR) have a history of diabetes. DR is one of the primary reasons for blindness and visual impairment worldwide among adults aged 24-74 years. Therefore, this research aims to develop an automated technique for the detection of retinal abnormalities associated with DR, such as microaneurysm.

Ameliorative effect of herbacetin against cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Herbacetin (HBN) is a glycosylated flavonoid, which possesses numerous pharmacological properties. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is a chemotherapeutic drug that adversely affects the kidneys. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the curative potential of HBN against CYC-induced nephrotoxicity.

Where do T cell subsets stand in SARS-CoV-2 infection: an update.

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019 and spread so rapidly all around the globe. It's continued and spreading more dangerously in India and Brazil with higher mortality rate. Understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 depends on unraveling of interactional mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and human immune response.

Anticancer potential of yohimbine in drug-resistant oral cancer KB-ChR-8-5 cells.

Background: The demand for environmentally friendly and cost-effective plant-based products for the development of cancer therapeutics has been increasing. Yohimbine (α-adrenergic receptor antagonist) is a stimulant and aphrodisiac used to improve erectile dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of yohimbine in drug-resistant oral cancer KB-ChR-8-5 cells using different biomolecular techniques.

The Role of Natural Products and Their Multitargeted Approach to Treat Solid Cancer.

Natural products play a critical role in the discovery and development of numerous drugs for the treatment of various types of cancer. These phytochemicals have demonstrated anti-carcinogenic properties by interfering with the initiation, development, and progression of cancer through altering various mechanisms such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Treating multifactorial diseases, such as cancer with agents targeting a single target, might lead to limited success and, in many cases, unsatisfactory outcomes.