Attenuation of age-related cognitive decline and memory deficits through apomorphine administration.

Oxidative stress, stemming from heightened production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, significantly contributes to the aging process. Apomorphine emerges as a pivotal medication for managing Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other age-related conditions. This study aims to explore the memory-enhancing and neuroprotective properties of apomorphine, utilizing male Albino Wistar rats aged 4 and 24 months as subjects.

Memory enhancing and neuroprotective effects of apomorphine in a rat model of dementia.

Oxidative stress from generation of increased reactive oxygen species or has been reported to play an important role in dementia. Oxidative stress due to free radicals of oxygen or reactive oxygen species could be precipitating factors in the etiology of dementia. Apomorphine has been reported to have neuroprotective effects.

Neuropharmacological studies on repurposed utilization of pioglitazone in learning and memory: A dose related study.

Dose dependent effects of pioglitazone on memory revival and monoamine metabolism were monitored in this study. Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic drug showing potential for memory improvement. Rats were treated with three doses of pioglitazone i.

Co-treatment with low doses of buspirone prevents rewarding effects of methylphenidate and upregulates expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens.

Accumulating studies consistently show that methylphenidate (MPD), the first line drug for treating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is abused by patients to whom the drug is prescribed. Like other psychostimulants, only low doses of MPD improve cognitive performance while higher doses impair it. Preventing the use of high doses of MPD is important for retaining its therapeutic efficacy.

Dose related acute behavioral and neurochemical profile of pioglitazone.

Diabetics are twice as likely to have depression. It's normal to have long periods of sadness and anxiety. Pioglitazone has important role in the inflammatory response, which suggests that it might have the associated anti-depressant effects being manifested by its anti-depressant profile which needs further exploration.

Neurochemical and behavioral effects of lorazepam: A dose related study.

Present study was designed to monitor the dose dependent effects of lorazepam; a benzodiazepine (CNS depressant). It is the primary drug of choice for treatment of anxiety and to produce calming effects. However, repeated administration of this lorazepam causes dependence and this might be caused by increased dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Apomorphine-induced sensitization in rats exposed to restraint stress: Relationship with adaptation to stress.

Drug abuse and impaired adaptation to stress are inter-related. Drug abuse is more potentiated upon exposure to stress and an impairment to cope with stress may lead to depression. On the other hand, use of addictive compounds increase the vulnerability to depression by inhibiting the adaptation to stress.

Restraint-induced behavioral deficits are attenuated or impaired by pre- or post-injection of apomorphine: A context-based study.

Apomorphine, a psycho stimulant, has neuroprotective effects due to its ability to decrease oxidative stress. Stress-induced dopaminergic dysfunction might lead to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and related disorders. This dopaminergic dysfunction is more pre-dominant in basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex.

Neurochemical and behavioral effects of midazolam: A dose related study.

In the present study we have monitored dose dependent effects of midazolam; a benzodiazepine (CNS depressant). It is the primary drug of choice for procedural sedation, preoperative sedation, and in emergency departments. Repeated administration of this drug is reported to have abuse potential and may cause this by increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Enhancement and impairment of cognitive behaviour in Morris water maze test by methylphenidate to rats.

Methylphenidate (MPD), a psycho-stimulant is a prescription medicine for the treatment of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The drug is also being increasingly used by general population for enhancing cognition. Only few preclinical studies have been carried out on the effects of MPD on cognition and these studies show either an enhancement or impairment of memory following the administration of MPD.

Repeated treatment with a low dose of reserpine as a progressive model of Parkinson's dementia.

Present study was designed to monitor the cognitive profile of the animals upon repeated administration of reserpine, so as to determine that whether these animals should be used as animal models of Parkinson's dementia. In the present study, reserpine was injected daily (once a day for three weeks) at the dose of 0.1mg/kg.

Effect of glycine: Studying memory and behavioral changes in mice.

Glycine is an important chemical mediator of nervous system that plays a vital role in memory and other neurological functions. Therefore, the effect of glycine on these traits must be studied to understand biological mechanisms of intricate neurological system. We investigated the effect of different doses of glycine on memory and behavior using 30 albino mice models (treated and control).

Effects of single administration of apomorphine on memory and monoamine metabolism: A dose related study.

In the present study, we have monitored dose dependent effects of apomorphine on learning and memory. Behavioral sensitization and craving, which develop upon repeated treatment with dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine, are major limitations of the therapeutic use of apomorphine in Parkinson's patients. Effects of single (intraperitoneal) injection of apomorphine at different doses (i.

Repeated treatment with reserpine as a progressive animal model of depression.

Treatment-resistant depression is a major health problem worldwide. Restricted validity of the existing animal models of depression along with the need for the study of progressive development of resistance to antidepressants, demands the modeling of a progressive animal model of depression. Present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the repeated administration of reserpine could serve as a progressive animal model of depression.

Neurochemical and behavioral effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) as observed in animals exposed to restraint stress.

Clinical studies on psychiatric patients suggest that life events stress precipitates depression. The possible involvement of 5-Hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT; Serotonin) in depression and other behavioral deficits is also suggested by clinical studies. As a natural stimulant, green tea (Camellia Sinensis) diminishes stress, worry and anxiety, allowing the brain to focus and concentrate better.

Effects of sugar rich diet on brain serotonin, hyperphagia and anxiety in animal model of both genders.

Lower levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) in the brain elicit sugar craving, while ingestion of sugar rich diet improves mood and alleviates anxiety. Gender differences occur not only in brain serotonin metabolism but also in a serotonin mediated functional responses. The present study was therefore designed to investigate gender related differences on the effects of long term consumption of sugar rich diet on the metabolism of serotonin in the hypothalamus and whole brain which may be relevant with the hyperphagic and anxiety reducing effects of sugar rich diet.

Apomorphine induced conditioned place preference and sensitization is greater in rats exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress.

CNS stimulants are the class of the drugs that may be used to get relief from depression. Apomorphine is a D1 and D2 receptor agonist with a CNS stimulatory effect used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease is also abused. Although many drugs of abuse produce tolerance and dependence.

Behavioral, hormonal and central serotonin modulating effects of injected leptin.

Leptin is viewed as an important target for developing novel therapeutics for obesity, depression/anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions. The present study therefore concerns behavioral, hormonal and central serotonin modulating effects of systemically injected leptin. Pharmacological doses (100 and 500 μg/kg) of leptin injected systemically decreased 24h cumulative food intake and body weight in freely feeding rats and improved acquisition and retention of memory in Morris water maze test.

Conformational analysis and geometry optimization of apomorphine as an Anti-parkinsonian agen.

Apomorphine, a dopamine D₁/D₂agonist, is an important drug of choice for the treatment of Parkinson's and related disorders. The present study was designed to perform the conformational analysis and geometry optimization of apomorphine. Resultant optimized structure corresponds to a substance as it is found in nature.

Immobilization-induced increases of systolic blood pressure and dysregulation of electrolyte balance in ethanol-treated rats.

Clinical and experimental studies revealed that alcohol drinking and life event stresses are predisposing factors to hypertension. Intra and extra cellular levels of electrolytes may play important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension. Dietary intake of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium is suggested to have a role in the regulation of blood pressure.

Behavioral deficits in rats following acute administration of glimepiride: Relationship with brain serotonin and dopamine.

A considerable body of literature suggests that depression and diabetes mellitus are co-morbid. The present study was designed to test any possible behavioral deficits and/or neurochemical changes in the brain as induced by the anti-diabetic drugs. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: (i) saline (ii) glimepiride (2.

A critique of the literature on etiology of eating disorders.

The development of eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and atypical eating disorders that affect many young women and even men in the productive period of their lives is complex and varied. While numbers of presumed risk factors contributing to the development of eating disorders are increasing, previous evidence for biological, psychological, developmental, and sociocultural effects on the development of eating disorders have not been conclusive. Despite the fact that a huge body of research has carefully examined the possible risk factors associated with the eating disorders, they have failed not only to uncover the exact etiology of eating disorders, but also to understand the interaction between different causes of eating disorders.