H2AX promotes replication fork degradation and chemosensitivity in BRCA-deficient tumours.

Histone H2AX plays a key role in DNA damage signalling in the surrounding regions of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In response to DNA damage, H2AX becomes phosphorylated on serine residue 139 (known as γH2AX), resulting in the recruitment of the DNA repair effectors 53BP1 and BRCA1. Here, by studying resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA1/2-deficient mammary tumours, we identify a function for γH2AX in orchestrating drug-induced replication fork degradation.

Use of Pea Proteins in High-Moisture Meat Analogs: Physicochemical Properties of Raw Formulations and Their Texturization Using Extrusion.

A new form of plant-based meat, known as 'high-moisture meat analogs' (HMMAs), is captivating the market because of its ability to mimic fresh, animal muscle meat. Utilizing pea protein in the formulation of HMMAs provides unique labeling opportunities, as peas are both "non-GMO" and low allergen. However, many of the commercial pea protein isolate (PPI) types differ in functionality, causing variation in product quality.

DL-EDOF: Novel Multi-Focus Image Data Set and Deep Learning-Based Approach for More Accurate and Specimen-Free Extended Depth of Focus.

Depth of focus (DOF) is defined as the axial range in which the specimen stage moves without losing focus while the imaging apparatus remains stable. It may not be possible to capture an image that includes the entire specimen in focus due to the narrow DOF in microscopic systems. Extended depth of focus (EDOF) is used to overcome this limitation in microscopic systems.

A General Review of Methodologies Used in the Determination of Cholesterol (CHO) Levels in Foods.

Cholesterol (CHO) is a lipid-derived substance found in lipoproteins and cell membranes. It is also one of the main sources for the production of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Today, foods are evaluated by consumers not only according to their taste and nutritional content but also according to their effects on consumer health.

Understanding Protein Functionality and Its Impact on Quality of Plant-Based Meat Analogues.

A greater understanding of protein functionality and its impact on processing and end-product quality is critical for the success of the fast-growing market for plant-based meat products. In this research, simple criteria were developed for categorizing plant proteins derived from soy, yellow pea, and wheat as cold swelling (CS) or heat swelling (HS) through various raw-material tests, including the water absorption index (WAI), least gelation concentration (LGC), rapid visco analysis (RVA), and % protein solubility. These proteins were blended together in different cold-swelling: heat-swelling ratios (0:100 to 90:10 or 0-90% CS) and extruded to obtain texturized vegetable proteins (TVPs).

Investigating the Contribution of Blending on the Dough Rheology of Roller-Milled Hard Red Wheat.

The flour functionality and particle size distribution of wheat flour obtained on roller milling are dependent on the type of wheat, tempering conditions, and milling conditions. In this study, the impact of the tempering conditions (moisture and time) on the chemical and rheological properties of flour from blends of hard red wheat were analyzed. The wheat blends B1-25:75 (hard red spring (HRS)/hard red winter (HRW)), B2-50:50, and B3-75:25, which were tempered to 14%, 16%, and 18% for 16, 20, and 24 h, respectively, were milled using a laboratory-scale roller mill (Buhler MLU-202).

Physico-Chemical Properties and Texturization of Pea, Wheat and Soy Proteins Using Extrusion and Their Application in Plant-Based Meat.

Four commercial pea protein isolates were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties including water absorption capacity (WAC), least gelation concentration (LGC), rapid visco analyzer (RVA) pasting, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-based heat-induced denaturation and phase transition (PTA) flow temperature. The proteins were also extruded using pilot-scale twin-screw extrusion with relatively low process moisture to create texturized plant-based meat analog products. Wheat-gluten- and soy-protein-based formulations were similarly analyzed, with the intent to study difference between protein types (pea, wheat and soy).

Stem cell induction and plant regeneration are affected by medium components in maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp).

Background: In medicinal plants, selection, reproduction and preservation of important genotypes are very necessary. Nowadays, using tissue culture and regeneration techniques of medicinal plants under in vitro conditions has been able to proliferate medicinal plants widely, which is much higher than traditional methods of vegetative propagation. Maca (Lepidium meyenii), is an industrial plant whose root is the usable part.

Use of legume flours and fiber for tailoring structure and texture of pea protein-based extruded meat alternatives.

The overall objective of this study was to understand texturization of pea protein isolate (PPI) using low moisture extrusion, and investigate protein interactions, functionality, and cross-linking with the inclusion of different levels of pea fiber (5-15%) and different types of starch-containing legume flours (20% chickpea flour or pea flour). PPI/ legume flour raw formulations had 18-27% lower water absorption capacity (WAC) as compared to the PPI control. However, WAC increased by 8-16% with the addition of pea fiber to a PPI/ legume flour control.

The Effects of Select Hydrocolloids on the Processing of Pâté-Style Canned Pet Food.

Hydrocolloids are commonly used in canned pet food. However, their functional effects have not been quantified in this food format. The objective was to determine the effects of select hydrocolloids on batter consistency, heat penetration, and texture of canned pet food.

Effect of Tempering Conditions on White Sorghum Milling, Flour, and Bread Properties.

The effects of room temperature water, hot water, and steam tempering methods were investigated on sorghum kernel physical properties, milling, flour, and bread-making properties. Overall tempering condition and tempering moisture content were found to have a significant effect on the physical properties. Milling properties were evaluated using a laboratory-scale roller milling flowsheet consisting of four break rolls and eight reduction rolls.

A Two-Phase Approach using Mask R-CNN and 3D U-Net for High-Accuracy Automatic Segmentation of Pancreas in CT Imaging.

Background And Objective: The size, shape, and position of the pancreas are affected by the patient characteristics such as age, sex, adiposity. Owing to more complex anatomical structures (size, shape, and position) of the pancreas, specialists have some difficulties in the analysis of pancreatic diseases (diabetes, pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis). Therefore, the treatment of the disease requires enormous time and depends on the experience of specialists.

Properties of extruded cross-linked waxy maize starches and their effects on extruded oat flour.

The objectives of this study were to study the extrusion of cross-linked waxy maize starches (CLWMS) with different cross-linking levels and their function as a secondary ingredient in extruded oat flour (OF) formulations. CLWMS (18 %) and OF (82 %) were hydrated to 20 % moisture content and subjected to twin-screw extrusion at the screw speed of 350 rpm. Low cross-linking level of CLWMS (0.

The effects of fiber source on extrusion processing parameters and kibble characteristics of dry cat foods.

Cellulose and beet pulp have been commonly used in the pet food industry to increase the dietary fiber content of cat foods. However, pet food companies seek alternatives to these so-called byproducts. Miscanthus grass is grown for its fiber content and may serve as an alternative to traditional fibrous ingredients.

Pro-metastatic functions of Notch signaling is mediated by CYR61 in breast cells.

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer related deaths, and unfolding the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic progression is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Notch is one of the key signaling pathways involved in breast tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notch activation induces pro-metastatic processes such as migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) life stages to flameless catalytic infrared radiation.

The susceptibility of various life stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a pest of stored wheat, Triticum aestivum L., to flameless catalytic infrared radiation in the 3-7-microm range was evaluated in the laboratory. Immature stages were collected from flour infested with T.

Textural properties and their correlation to cell structure in porous food materials.

This paper focuses on understanding the role of structural parameters and starch crystallization on the toughness of cake samples. Accurate mechanical measurements were performed to obtain toughness values, and these were related to structural parameters obtained from image analyses. Three-dimensional skeletons of food samples were generated by using X-ray tomography technique.

InSb focal plane array chemical imaging enables assessment of unit process efficiency for milling operation.

In the dry milling of wheat flour, each unit process (roller mill, purifier, sifter, etc.) produces a mixture with varying amounts of wheat endosperm and non-endosperm byproducts. Chemical images with 82 000 pixels of each intermediate product stream issuing from an individual processing machine are readily analyzed in terms of the relative amount of endosperm and non-endosperm.

Preliminary study on durability of nail as xenograft.

In reconstructive surgery, many autograft/allograft/xenograft and synthetic materials are being used for repairing congenital or acquired tissue and skeletal deformities. Compatibility of the graft or the material to the tissue, the risk or rejection, toxicity, and morbidity affect the preference. With the aim of searching the usability of human cadaver nail being used as xenograft instead of cartilage graft on small and composite defects, 60 rats were separated into 3 groups, each of which was composed of 20 rats.

Susceptibility of various life stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) to flameless catalytic infrared radiation.

In laboratory experiments, a flameless catalytic infrared emitter, fueled by propane, was used to disinfest hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., containing different life stages of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), an economically important insect species associated with stored wheat in Kansas.