Sheehan syndrome.

Sheehan syndrome or postpartum hypopituitarism is a condition characterized by hypopituitarism due to necrosis of the pituitary gland. The initial insult is caused by massive postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), leading to impaired blood supply to the pituitary gland, which has become enlarged during pregnancy. Small sella turcica size, vasospasms (caused by PPH) and/or thrombosis (associated with pregnancy or coagulation disorders) are predisposing factors; autoimmunity might be involved in the progressive worsening of pituitary functions.

Increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Cushing's syndrome compared with weight- and age-matched controls.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus and obesity are well-known risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Cushing's syndrome (CS) is also characterized by obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, the association between CS and OSA remains unclear.

Natural History of Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy: A Nationwide Study From Turkey.

Context: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by near-total lack of body fat.

Objective: We aimed to study natural history and disease burden of various subtypes of CGL.

Design: We attempted to ascertain nearly all patients with CGL in Turkey.

Marine-Lenhart syndrome with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Graves' disease with accompanying functioning nodules is known as Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) also within Graves' thyroid tissue are almost always bening in nature. A 45-year-old man developed hyperthyroidism due to the coexistence of Graves' disease and AFTN.

Evaluation of olfactory function in adults with primary hypothyroidism.

Background: Sufficient clinical data are not available on the effect of hypothyroidism on olfactory function in adults. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the olfactory function of adult patients diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism.

Methods: Forty-five patients aged between 18 and 60 years who were diagnosed with clinical primary hypothyroidism and 45 healthy controls who had normal thyroid function tests were included in the study.

Nuclear morphometric and morphological analysis of exfoliated buccal and tongue dorsum cells in type-1 diabetic patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 1 that results from immunologically mediated damage to the β-cells in the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by recurrent or persistent hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can be associated with salivary gland dysfunction and alterations in the oral epithelial cells.

Extensive investigation of 114 patients with Sheehan's syndrome: a continuing disorder.

Objective: Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is a well-known cause of hypopituitarism resulting from postpartum pituitary necrosis. Because of its rarity in Western society, its diagnosis is often overlooked. We aimed to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and radiological aspects of SS in a large number of patients.

Visual field defects in 23 acromegalic patients.

Pituitary tumors are the third most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Pathologic proliferation of the somatotrophs results as overproduction of growth hormone presenting as acromegaly. In pituitary adenomas typical visual field (VF) defect is bitemporal hemianopsia but tumor size and optic chiasmal position may cause variable VF defects and VF examination may remain normal.

Lymphocyte subpopulations in Sheehan's syndrome.

The role of autoimmunity in the development of Sheehan's syndrome is obscure. There are a limited number of studies investigating the immunological alterations accompanying Sheehan's Syndrome. Our objective was to evaluate lymphocyte subsets in these patients.

Gonadal function in male mountain bikers.

Some studies reported testicular disorders associated with biking in mountain cyclists, which include injuries, erectile dysfunction, and higher scrotal temperatures. But none of these studies evaluated gonadal function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate gonadal function in male mountain bikers.

Clinical characterization of patients with macroprolactinemia and monomeric hyperprolactinemia.

Macroprolactinemia is often a cause of misdiagnosis, unnecessary expensive investigation, and unsuitable treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical findings and the concentrations of macroprolactin in patients with hyperprolactinemia in our region. Eighty-four female hyperprolactinemic patients were screened for macroprolactinemia.

The prevalence of non-classic adrenal hyperplasia among Turkish women with hyperandrogenism.

The prevalence of non-classic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) among Turkish women with hirsutism has not been established so far. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency by ACTH stimulation test among hirsute women. The study population consisted of 285 premenopousal women, aged 16-46 years (mean: 23.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective: To investigate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via the insulin-tolerance test (ITT), standard-dose (250 microg) ACTH test (SDT) and low-dose (1 microg) ACTH test (LDT) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Design: The study group included 13 male patients with AS who were diagnosed according to the Modified New York criteria, and 8 healthy male subjects and was carried out at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Erciyes University Medical School. ACTH stimulation tests were carried out by using 1 microg and 250 microg i.

Oxidative stress markers, C-reactive protein and heat shock protein 70 levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

Background: The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors and essential components of metabolic syndrome are hyperglycemia, hypertension, visceral obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome components and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress, C-reactive protein and heat shock protein 70 levels in the pathogenesis of this disease.

The evaluation of serum cystatin C, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant status in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Background: This study was designed to determine if serum cystatin C (Cys C) levels are affected by metabolic syndome and whether they correlate with lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status (TAS) in this disorder.

Material/methods: Cases with metabolic syndrome diagnosed according to the ATP III criteria (18 females, 12 males) were compared with healthy control subjects (20 females, 17 males) matched by age and gender. Plasma Cys C, malondialdehyde (MDA), and TAS levels were studied.

Do we still need the TRH stimulation test?

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test in the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism in patients with Sheehan's syndrome.

Design: TRH stimulation test was performed in 72 patients with Sheehan's syndrome. Basal free triiodothyronine (fT(3)) and free thyroxine (fT(4)) levels were measured.

Impaired longitudinal myocardial velocities in patients with growth hormone deficiency improves after hormone replacement therapy.

Cardiac parameters in growth hormone (GH) deficiency and the effects of GH replacement treatment (GHRT) are still controversial. We investigated 19 adult patients (mean age: 45 +/- 10 years, 7 male), with GH deficiency before and after 12 months of GHRT. Twenty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (mean age: 44 +/- 12 years, 9 male) were taken as a control group.

Posterior pituitary function in Sheehan's syndrome.

Objective: We studied posterior pituitary function in 27 patients with Sheehan's syndrome and 14 controls.

Design: All patients were investigated by water deprivation test and 26 of them by 5% hypertonic saline infusion test. None of the patients had symptoms of diabetes insipidus and all patients were on adequate glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone replacement therapy before testing.

Investigation of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and glucose intolerance among the first-degree female relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To assess the glucose intolerance and the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in the first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: Clinical study of the female FDRs of patients with PCOS.

Setting: Outpatients at endocrinology department of a university hospital.

Investigation of the skin characteristics in patients with severe GH deficiency and the effects of 6 months of GH replacement therapy: a randomized placebo controlled study.

Objective: The presence of GH receptor in human skin and its appendages suggests a direct effect of GH on skin characteristics. The skin is usually thin and dry in patients with GH deficiency (GHD). Sheehan's syndrome classically refers to postpartum hypopituitarism and GH is one of the earliest pituitary hormones lost.

Investigation of adrenal functions in patients with idiopathic hyperandrogenemia.

Objective: Some patients with hyperandrogenemia had no identifiable cause, which was named as idiopathic hyperandrogenemia (IHA). The role of the adrenal glands in these patients was investigated.

Design: Clinical study in patients with IHA at the Endocrinology Department of a University Hospital.

Prevalence of polycystic ovarian changes and polycystic ovary syndrome in premenopausal women with treated type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and polycystic ovary (PCO) among premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Design: Case-control study of women with type 2 DM.

Setting: Tertiary referral university hospital.

The effect of Helicobacter pylori on insulin resistance.

Helicobacter pylori causes a lifelong infection in the stomach after exposure. H. pylorihas been shown to be associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer development.