Dietary intake, leisure time activities and obesity among adolescents in Western Sweden: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Overweight and obesity among adolescents are increasing worldwide. Risk factors include dietary intake characteristics and high levels of physical inactivity. In Sweden, few large comprehensive population-based surveys of dietary intake and lifestyle among adolescents have been carried out.

Homocysteine levels and lacunar brain infarcts in elderly women: the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg.

Objectives: To examine whether total serum homocysteine (tHcy) in a population-based sample of middle-aged women is an independent risk factor for presence of lacunar infarcts (LIs) 24 years later.

Design: Prospective population study, follow-up time 24 years.

Setting: Gothenburg, an urban area in western Sweden.

Estimation of the prevalence of primary Sjögren's syndrome in two age-different community-based populations using two sets of classification criteria: the Hordaland Health Study.

Objective: To estimate the point prevalence of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in two populations, aged 40-44 and 71-74 years, using two sets of classification criteria.

Methods: The participating individuals were recruited from the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) conducted during 1997-99. A total of 18 592 individuals born 1953-57 and 3346 individuals born 1925-27 were sent a questionnaire covering various health-related questions, including four questions about sicca symptoms.

Reliability and sensitivity of diagnostic tests for primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objective: To investigate whether diagnostic tests for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are reproducible when repeated after one year (reliability). To evaluate whether the sensitivity of the diagnostic tests increases with repeated testing.

Methods: A structured interview investigating the subjective sensation of dry eyes and dry mouth, and the diagnostic tests Schirmer I, unstimulated whole saliva collection (UWSC), serological tests for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), for anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies as well as Waaler's test for rheumatoid factor, were performed twice with a one year interval in 66 patients with pSS.

Methylmercury and inorganic mercury in serum--correlation to fish consumption and dental amalgam in a cohort of women born in 1922.

Methylmercury in serum (S-MeHg) was assessed from serum concentrations of total (S-TotHg) and inorganic mercury (S-InoHg), determined by cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry. The samples were collected from 135 women on two occasions, in 1968-1969 and 1980-1981. In a subgroup of 29 women, an association was found between S-MeHg and the amount of fish consumed in 1968-1969 (r = 0.

[New height and weight standards for the middle aged and aged. Weight increases more than height].

This article presents new weight and height data collected during three large surveys of representative middle-aged and elderly men and women from Gothenburg in 1990-93. Based on these data, weight and height tables are provided as an aid in clinical evaluation. Additionally, weights and heights collected during previous examinations in the 1970s (Läkartidningen 1981; 78: 3152-4) make it possible to describe secular changes nearly two decades later.

Energy and macronutrient intake in relation to cancer incidence among Swedish women.

Two dietary reporting methods were used to examine associations between macronutrient intake and subsequent cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish women born between 1908 and 1930. 1361 subjects gave 23-h dietary recalls at their baseline examinations in 1968-1969, and 412 of them also provided detailed dietary histories. The cohort was followed up 19 years later by means of linkages with the National Cancer and Death Registries.

Amitriptyline and amitriptyline metabolites in blood and cerebrospinal fluid following human overdose.

The toxicokinetics of amitriptyline were studied in nine patients admitted to hospital in Matthew-Lawson Coma Scale grade III-IV after an estimated ingestion of 1-5 g amitriptyline. Gastric lavage was performed and 50 g activated charcoal were given orally. Venous blood samples were taken on admission and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h, and in some patients at 36 and 48 h after admission.

Severe amitriptyline overdose: relationship between toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics.

The clinical features and toxicokinetics of amitriptyline were studied in nine patients with severe amitriptyline poisoning. Amitriptyline and amitriptyline metabolites were studied in plasma, red blood cells, and cerebral spinal fluid. Eight patients were intubated and six required assisted ventilation.

Predicting severity of tricyclic antidepressant overdose.

The measurement of plasma concentration, a prolonged QRS interval, and level of consciousness have all been recommended as useful indicators of toxicity following tricyclic antidepressant overdose. The aims of this study were firstly, to determine the relative prognostic value of each of these indicators and secondly, to assess when a patient can be discharged safely from the intensive care unit. Data were evaluated on 67 patients with tricyclic antidepressant overdose from four centers.

Some errors inherent in a longitudinal dietary survey revealed by the urine nitrogen test.

In the longitudinal population study 'Women in Gothenburg', subgroups of 154, 205 and 331 women in 1968/69, 1974/75 and 1980/81 respectively, were subjected to a dietary interview and collected a 24-h urine specimen for nitrogen analyses. The dietary data demonstrated a continuous increase in intake of energy and protein with time (2030, 2150 and 2350 kcal/d and 73, 77 and 90 g protein/d), while the 'true' protein intake (calculated from 24-h urine nitrogen) was unchanged (75, 73 and 75 g/d). The discrepancies were interpreted as being due to the changes in the dietary questionnaires made before the interviews in 1974/75, and again in 1980/81, changes expected to improve the method.

TCA poisoning treated in the intensive care unit.

Intoxication with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) is a common cause of admission to an intensive care unit and a major cause of death due to drug overdose. It is difficult to identify at an early stage those patients for whom toxic events are likely. There is a poor correlation between the plasma concentration of TCAs and the risk of developing toxic symptoms.

Activated charcoal in tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) bind to activated charcoal both in vitro and in vivo in healthy volunteers after a therapeutic dose of TCA. These findings provide a basis for the routine use of activated charcoal in TCA poisoning. The object of this study was to examine the effect of a single dose of 20 g of activated charcoal in overdose patients.

Terbutaline concentrations in self-poisoning: a case report.

A young female patient was admitted twice within two months, each time after an overdose of 500 mg terbutaline. Clinical features included nausea, tachycardia, tremor, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia. Although plasma concentrations of terbutaline were at least 50 times the normal therapeutic level, after potassium substitution the outcome was uneventful.

Does alcohol absorb to activated charcoal?

Activated charcoal seldom is used in pure-alcohol poisoning since it is absorbed rapidly from the gut. Furthermore in early reports activated charcoal was found to adsorb alcohol poorly. However, in 1981 North et al.

Changes in histochemical profile of muscle after long-term electrical stimulation in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis were treated with long-term electrical stimulation (30 Hz) at the posterior axillary line on the convex side of the curvature in order to correct the spinal deformity. The patients were also followed with muscle biopsies from the latissimus dorsi of the stimulated side taken before, after 3 and 6 months of electrical stimulation. There was a tendency for an increase in the percentage of type I and especially the type II C (undifferentiated) fibers after stimulation.

Clinical aspects of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.

Self-poisoning with antidepressant drugs was studied retrospectively in 225 patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Amitriptyline accounted for the overwhelming majority of cases (70%); 106 patients (47%) had taken two or more drugs, in 81 patients (36%) ethanol was found in the blood. Four patients (2%) died.

Glycogen-depletion patterns with isometric and isokinetic exercise in patients after leg injury.

1. The glycogen-depletion patterns were studies as a measure of muscle-fibre recruitment in patients after leg injuries (fractures, ligament injuries). Intermittent isometric and dynamic isokinetic knee extension were performed with 30 and 50% of the maximal isometric torque of the injured leg.

Maximal oxygen uptake and muscle fiber types in trained and untrained humans.

Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) was determined in 138 male and 41 female human subjects and muscle fiber composition (gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis) in 53 of the males. Highest values for Vo2 max were 7.38 1 x min-1 and 4.

Effect of strength training on enzyme activities and fibre characteristics in human skeletal muscle.

Progressive strength training was performed 3 times a week for 8 weeks by 14 male students (19-31 yrs.). The training program consisted mainly of dynamic exercises for the leg extensors with maximal or close to maximal loads.

Anatomical, histological, and physiological factors in experienced downhill skiers.

The present investigation was performed in experienced downhill skiers to study anthropometrical and physiological changes. We also studied the muscles that are most active during downhill skiing and the histological properties of these muscles.