Cytomegalovirus-positive Posner-Schlossman syndrome: to compare differences in retinal vessel area density between the affected and non-affected eye using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To analyse differences in the retinal microvasculature in eyes with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) compared to the non-affected eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this monocentric, observational prospective case series, 25 patients with unilateral CMV-positive PSS were included. We compared the vessel area densities (VAD) in the macula, optic disc, and peripapillary region in PSS-affected and non-affected eyes using OCTA.

Multiple primary malignancies associated with a germline SMARCB1 pathogenic variant.

A 51-year old presented with a 6-month history of increasing pelvic/lower back pain with nocturnal waking and episodes of anorexia and vomiting. Examination revealed right torticollis and Horner's syndrome, and a large abdominal mass arising from the pelvis. Magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography imaging revealed (A) a 14 cm heterogeneous enhancing mass, abutting the left kidney with standardised uptake value max = 2.

Hyponatraemia secondary to nivolumab-induced primary adrenal failure.

Unlabelled: Checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab and pembrolizumab, have transformed the prognosis for patients with advanced malignant melanoma and squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, and their use will only expand as experience is gained in a variety of other malignancies, for instance, renal and lymphoma. As the use of checkpoint inhibitors increases, so too will the incidence of their unique side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect dermatological, gastrointestinal, hepatic, endocrine and other systems. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the human programmed death receptor-1 ligand (PD-L1) found on many cancer cells and is licensed for the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma.

Distance perception in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess monocular and binocular distance perception, and stereoacuity, in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who reported the symptom of "poor depth perception";

Methods: Ten patients with mTBI were tested and compared with ten visually-normal asymptomatic individuals in the following areas: perceived distance, stereoacuity at distance (3 meters) and near (40 cm), and a 9-item 5-point rating-scale questionnaire related to distance perception. Distance perception was assessed under monocular and binocular viewing conditions in both clustered and isolated static environments. Magnitude estimation was used to obtain the distance perception response function of physical versus perceived distance using common objects positioned at distances of 0.

Omitting elective nodal irradiation during thoracic irradiation in limited-stage small cell lung cancer--evidence from a phase II trial.

Omitting elective nodal irradiation (ENI) in limited-stage disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) is expected to result in smaller radiation fields. We report on data from a randomised phase II trial that omitted ENI in patients receiving concurrent chemo-radiotherapy for LD-SCLC. 38 patients with LD-SCLC were randomised to receive once-daily (66 Gy in 33 fractions) or twice-daily (45 Gy in 30 fractions) radiotherapy (RT).

The role of positron emission tomography in management of small cell lung cancer.

Accurate radiological staging of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is of paramount importance in selection of individual patients with limited stage disease for potentially curative treatment while avoiding toxic treatment in those with distant metastatic disease. [(18)F] flurodeoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is an attractive tool for this purpose but there is limited evidence to support its use in the routine staging of SCLC. Whether therapeutic decisions based on FDG-PET imaging should be made remains uncertain.

Should FDG-PET scanning be routinely used for patients with an unknown head and neck squamous primary?

Background: Between 1 and 2 per cent of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients will reveal no evidence of a primary malignancy. The management of this group poses many problems, including the morbidity associated with wide field irradiation as well as the difficulty in treatment when a primary does emerge. The aim of this study was to assess the use of fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging in patients presenting with an unknown head and neck primary and to consider its routine use in such patients.

Efficient heterogeneous execution of Monte Carlo shielding calculations on a Beowulf cluster.

Recent work has been done in using a high-performance 'Beowulf' cluster computer system for the efficient distribution of Monte Carlo shielding calculations. This has enabled the rapid solution of complex shielding problems at low cost and with greater modularity and scalability than traditional platforms. The work has shown that a simple approach to distributing the workload is as efficient as using more traditional techniques such as PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine).

Magnetic resonance imaging of anal cancer.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of primary and recurrent anal carcinoma, and to demonstrate the commonest patterns of local and distant disease spread.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 27 cases of biopsy-proven anal carcinoma, where MRI was used for primary staging (9 patients) or suspected recurrence (18 patients). Two oncological radiologists reviewed the MR images, following a standardized approach.

Adult growth hormone replacement therapy and neuroimaging surveillance in brain tumour survivors.

Objective: Systematic collections of neuroimaging data are nonexistent in brain tumour survivors treated with adult growth hormone replacement therapy (AGHRT). We present our surveillance data.

Design: In 1993, our unit implemented a policy of performing brain scans on every brain tumour survivor before starting AGHRT, with repeat neuroimaging at least once after 12-18 months' treatment.

Interstitial lung disease in lung cancer: separating disease progression from treatment effects.

Lung cancer often develops in individuals with pre-existing pulmonary and cardiac pathology. Many of these individuals with pre-existing pathology are also at risk of occupational lung disease. New and worsening symptoms can be secondary to pre-existing pathology, progressive cancer or treatment.

Magnetic resonance appearance of normal inguinal nodes.

Aim: To identify adult inguinal lymph node anatomical subgroups using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to derive a normal range for nodal number and size and to describe their morphology.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-three oncology patients with low stage pelvic tumours had inguinal lymph node assessment by MRI. Nodes were divided into proximal superficial (PS), distal superficial (DS) and deep inguinal (DI) subgroups, their number counted in two planes, and their transaxial short axis diameter recorded.

Do radiographic features of acute infection influence management of lower respiratory tract infections in the community?

Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a common clinical problem, and a chest radiograph is the most common investigation. This study investigated why general practitioners (GPs) request radiographs and whether radiographic features of LRTI affect management. The 12 month study included GP-requested chest radiographs performed at the Manchester Royal Infirmary.

Abdominopelvic CT scan findings after surgery for ovarian cancer.

Aims: To evaluate abdomino-pelvic changes in patients who had total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) for stage I ovarian cancer.

Method: The postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans of 23 patients who had undergone TAH and BSO for stage I ovarian tumours between 3 and 14 weeks previously were assessed, providing there had been no treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and that each patient had normal tumour marker (CA125) levels after surgery. After the CT scan patients were followed up and had no clinical or biochemical (CA125) evidence of relapse for a median of 27 months (range 11 to 78 months).

Continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil with alpha 2b interferon for advanced colorectal carcinoma.

Thirty patients with symptomatic colorectal carcinoma were commenced on treatment with 5-fluorouracil (2.5 g week-1) administered by continuous intravenous infusion and alpha 2b interferon (3 x 10(6) U s.c.

Localized perforation into the transverse mesocolon demonstrated during barium enema--rare but benign.

We report two cases demonstrating the presence of gas in the transverse mesocolon following asymptomatic perforation, shown during barium enema examination. The appearances, diagnosis and successful conservative management are described.

Investigation of biliary obstruction.

The management of biliary obstruction is increasingly becoming the domain of the endoscopist and interventional radiologist. More than ever, rational investigation and a sound understanding of the benefits and limitations of available techniques are needed to plan treatment and avoid unnecessary surgery.