Keeping schools open during the emergence of the COVID-19 alpha variant: Impact on the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among children during the 2020-2021 school year: Epidemiology of COVID-19 in children and adolescents during the 2020-2021 school year in France.

Background: During 2020-2021, in the context of increasing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the general population, French authorities made the decision to keep schools open and set up massive screening campaigns for students. Here, we describe the impact of this strategy on the circulation of SARS-COV-2 among children and adolescents during this period.

Methods: We analyzed SARS-COV-2 surveillance data provided by the French National Public Health Agency for the 2020-2021 school year along with the results of school-based screening campaigns implemented by the Ministry of National Education.

Long-term consequences of positive surgical margin after partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: multi-institutional analysis.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of positive surgical margins (PSM) after PN on very long-term recurrence in a contemporary cohort.

Methods: Patients who underwent PN for a localized renal tumour were included. Patients were stratified according to the presence of PSM.

Coevolutionary analysis of Pseudomonas syringae-phage interactions to help with rational design of phage treatments.

Treating plant bacterial diseases is notoriously difficult because of the lack of available antimicrobials. Pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae (Pss) is a major pathogen of cherry (Prunus avium) causing bacterial canker of the stem, leaf and fruit, impacting productivity and leading to a loss of trees. In an attempt to find a treatment for this disease, naturally occurring bacteriophage (phage) that specifically target Pss is being investigated as a biocontrol strategy.

Genetic dissection of the tissue-specific roles of type III effectors and phytotoxins in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae to cherry.

When compared with other phylogroups (PGs) of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex, P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) strains within PG2 have a reduced repertoire of type III effectors (T3Es) but produce several phytotoxins.

Cut-off time for surgery and prediction of orchiectomy in spermatic cord torsion: a retrospective multicentric study over 15 years.

Purpose: Cut-off time to avoid orchiectomy relies on small series of patients. The objective was to determine the cut-off time to avoid orchiectomy in torsion of the spermatic cord in a large cohort.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter study (TORSAFUF cohort) of patients with suspected spermatic cord torsion between 2005 and 2019.

Cell-type-specific responses to fungal infection in plants revealed by single-cell transcriptomics.

Pathogen infection is a dynamic process. Here, we employ single-cell transcriptomics to investigate plant response heterogeneity. By generating an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf atlas encompassing 95,040 cells during infection by a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum higginsianum, we unveil cell-type-specific gene expression, notably an enrichment of intracellular immune receptors in vasculature cells.

Pathogen protein modularity enables elaborate mimicry of a host phosphatase.

Pathogens produce diverse effector proteins to manipulate host cellular processes. However, how functional diversity is generated in an effector repertoire is poorly understood. Many effectors in the devastating plant pathogen Phytophthora contain tandem repeats of the "(L)WY" motif, which are structurally conserved but variable in sequences.

Effector Identification in Plant Pathogens.

Effectors play a central role in determining the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. As key virulence proteins, effectors are collectively indispensable for disease development. By understanding the virulence mechanisms of effectors, fundamental knowledge of microbial pathogenesis and disease resistance have been revealed.

Pangenomic analysis reveals plant NAD manipulation as an important virulence activity of bacterial pathogen effectors.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has emerged as a key component in prokaryotic and eukaryotic immune systems. The recent discovery that Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) proteins function as NAD hydrolases (NADase) links NAD-derived small molecules with immune signaling. We investigated pathogen manipulation of host NAD metabolism as a virulence strategy.

Oncological Outcomes of Distal Ureterectomy for High-Risk Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study by The French Bladder Cancer Committee.

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an uncommon disease and its gold-standard treatment is radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Distal ureterectomy (DU) might be an alternative for tumors of the distal ureter but its indications remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes of DU for UTUC of the pelvic ureter.

Genomic and functional analysis of phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer in Pseudomonas syringae on the plant surface.

Many strains of Pseudomonas colonise plant surfaces, including the cherry canker pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pathovars syringae and morsprunorum. We have examined the genomic diversity of P. syringae in the cherry phyllosphere and focused on the role of prophages in transfer of genes encoding Type 3 secreted effector (T3SE) proteins contributing to the evolution of virulence.

Identifying resistance in wild and ornamental cherry towards bacterial canker caused by .

Bacterial canker is a major disease of stone fruits and is a critical limiting factor to sweet cherry () production worldwide. One important strategy for disease control is the development of resistant varieties. Partial varietal resistance in sweet cherry is discernible using shoot or whole tree inoculations; however, these quantitative differences in resistance are not evident in detached leaf assays.

Estimation of blood lead levels in the French population using two complementary approaches: Esteban (2014-2016) as part of the human biomonitoring program and the national surveillance system for childhood lead poisoning (2015-2018).

Background: Used widely for centuries, lead is a common environmental pollutant. As a cumulative toxic, its presence in the body is always evidence of exposure, and health effects occur without threshold. Though regulated by European directives, lead requires close monitoring due to its environmental persistence and toxicity.

Torsion of the spermatic cord in adults: a multicenter experience in adults with surgical exploration for acute scrotal pain with suspected testicular torsion.

Acute scrotal pain (ASP) requiring surgical exploration is common in the pediatric population, but little has been reported on this subject with regard to the adult population. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of scrotal explorations performed on adult patients. Patients over 21 years of age who underwent surgical exploration for ASP with suspected testicular torsion (TT) at 14 French hospitals between January 2005 and December 2019 were included in this study.

TORSAFUF - Surgical exploration for torsion of spermatic cord suspicion and risk factors for unnecessary surgery: Results of a French nationwide retrospective study on 2940 patients.

Backgrounds: Spermatic cord torsion is a frequent urological emergency that mostly concerns teenagers and young adults. This study aimed to determine the clinical and surgical characteristics of young adults who had scrotal exploration for suspected spermatic cord torsion and to identify clinical risk factors associated with needless scrotal exploration.

Methods: We retrospectively collected national data from patients aged 12years and older who underwent a surgical exploration for suspicion of torsion of the spermatic cord between 2005 and 2019 in 17 hospitals.

Identification of pesticides exposure biomarkers for residents living close to vineyards in France.

Biomonitoring can be relevant for assessing pesticides exposure of residents living close to vineyards (LCTV). However, because xenobiotics are generally present at low levels in human biological matrices and the sources of pesticide exposure are multiple, several challenges need to be overcome to reliably assess exposure in residents LCTV. This includes particularly identifying the most appropriate exposure biomarkers, the biological matrices in which they should be measured, and analytical methods that are sufficiently sensitive and specific to quantify them.

Contralateral Orchiopexy at the Time of Urgent Scrotal Exploration-Is It Safe? A Propensity Score Matched Analysis from the TORSAFUF Cohort.

Purpose: We evaluate the safety of immediate contralateral orchiopexy (ICLO) at the time of scrotal exploration for testicular torsion suspicion.

Materials And Methods: Patient data were retrieved from the TORSAFUF cohort project, which is a multicenter national study conducted at 14 academic French hospitals between 2005 and 2019. Each patient who underwent surgical exploration for testicular torsion suspicion was included.

Transposon Mutagenesis of Pathovars and to Identify Genes Involved in Bacterial Canker Disease of Cherry.

Bacterial canker of , affecting economically important stone fruit crops including cherry, peach, apricot and plum, is caused by the plant pathogen (.). Strains from two pathovars- pv.

[Impact of positive surgical margins on prostate cancer prognosis].

Objective: To examine the impact of positive surgical margins (PSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer on oncological results.

Patients And Methods: We performed a study where all patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between January 2004 and December 2018 for prostate cancer were included. The preoperative, postoperative data and the carcinological results collected were analyzed.

Infant total diet study in France: Exposure to substances migrating from food contact materials.

A total diet study (TDS) was conducted in France to assess the health risks related to the chemicals in food of non-breastfed children under three years of age (Infant TDS). For the first time, substances coming from food contact materials, such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its derivatives, some phthalates, and some ink photoinitiators, were targeted because of growing interest in these substances. Food samples were collected to be representative of the whole diet of non-breastfed children aged 1-36 months, and prepared as consumed prior to analysis.

Monitoring of pesticides in ambient air: Prioritization of substances.

Despite the richness of data collected on pesticide concentrations in ambient air in France, knowledge on this topic remains partial and heterogeneous in the absence of specific regulations. The population exposure remains thus difficult to estimate; therefore it was necessary to define modalities for implementing national monitoring of pesticides in ambient air in metropolitan France and in the overseas territories. The objective of this work was to identify which active substances (a.

An improved conjugation method for Pseudomonas syringae.

In order to achieve saturating transposon mutagenesis of the genome of plant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae we needed to improve plasmid conjugation frequency. Manipulation of the growth stage of donor and recipient cells allowed the required increase in frequency and facilitated conjugation of otherwise recalcitrant strains.

Cherry picking by pseudomonads: After a century of research on canker, genomics provides insights into the evolution of pathogenicity towards stone fruits.

Bacterial canker disease is a major limiting factor in the growing of cherry and other species worldwide. At least five distinct clades within the bacterial species complex are known to be causal agents of the disease. The different pathogens commonly coexist in the field.