High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) antagonist BoxA suppresses status epilepticus-induced neuroinflammatory responses associated with Toll-like receptor 2/4 down-regulation in rats.

It has been generally accepted that inflammatory responses induced by status epilepticus (SE) in the brain are associated with microglial activation. One important regulator of microglial activation is high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein. HMGB1 exerts its influence on microglia via various pathways including Toll-like receptor (TLR) subtypes 2 and 4.