Toward Versatile Small Object Detection with Temporal-YOLOv8.

Deep learning has become the preferred method for automated object detection, but the accurate detection of small objects remains a challenge due to the lack of distinctive appearance features. Most deep learning-based detectors do not exploit the temporal information that is available in video, even though this context is often essential when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. In addition, model development choices, such as the loss function, are typically designed around medium-sized objects.

[A man with polyarthralgia].

A 46-year old Ghanaian man presented with immobilizing arthralgias in all joints except the forefoot, with a periarticular swelling most pronounced around the wrists and ankles. He had erythema nodosum and hilar lymphadenopathy on chest radiograph. We diagnosed Löfgren syndrome.

Differences Between MR Brain Region Segmentation Methods: Impact on Single-Subject Analysis.

For the segmentation of magnetic resonance brain images into anatomical regions, numerous fully automated methods have been proposed and compared to reference segmentations obtained manually. However, systematic differences might exist between the resulting segmentations, depending on the segmentation method and underlying brain atlas. This potentially results in sensitivity differences to disease and can further complicate the comparison of individual patients to normative data.

Predicting Global Cognitive Decline in the General Population Using the Disease State Index.

Background: Identifying persons at risk for cognitive decline may aid in early detection of persons at risk of dementia and to select those that would benefit most from therapeutic or preventive measures for dementia.

Objective: In this study we aimed to validate whether cognitive decline in the general population can be predicted with multivariate data using a previously proposed supervised classification method: Disease State Index (DSI).

Methods: We included 2,542 participants, non-demented and without mild cognitive impairment at baseline, from the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age 60.

Normative brain volumetry derived from different reference populations: impact on single-subject diagnostic assessment in dementia.

Brain imaging data are increasingly made publicly accessible, and volumetric imaging measures derived from population-based cohorts may serve as normative data for individual patient diagnostic assessment. Yet, these normative cohorts are usually not a perfect reflection of a patient's base population, nor are imaging parameters such as field strength or scanner type similar. In this proof of principle study, we assessed differences between reference curves of subcortical structure volumes of normal controls derived from two population-based studies and a case-control study.

Behavioral patterns of two fiddler crab species Uca rapax and Uca tangeri in a seminatural mangrove system.

Zoos increasingly transform their exhibitions from traditional one-species enclosures to more natural exhibits, that is, environments that capture part of an ecosystem including a selection of animals and plants that occur there. Thus, enhancing the experience of its human visitors while also allowing its residents to possibly show more natural behavior. In 2017 Royal Burger's Zoo (Arnhem, The Netherlands) created and opened a mangrove-like environment containing fiddler crabs.

Groupwise image registration based on a total correlation dissimilarity measure for quantitative MRI and dynamic imaging data.

The most widespread technique used to register sets of medical images consists of selecting one image as fixed reference, to which all remaining images are successively registered. This pairwise scheme requires one optimization procedure per pair of images to register. Pairwise mutual information is a common dissimilarity measure applied to a large variety of datasets.

Groupwise Multichannel Image Registration.

Multichannel image registration is an important challenge in medical image analysis. Multichannel images result from modalities such as dual-energy CT or multispectral microscopy. Besides, multichannel feature images can be derived from acquired images, for instance, by applying multiscale feature banks to the original images to register.

Intrasubject multimodal groupwise registration with the conditional template entropy.

Image registration is an important task in medical image analysis. Whereas most methods are designed for the registration of two images (pairwise registration), there is an increasing interest in simultaneously aligning more than two images using groupwise registration. Multimodal registration in a groupwise setting remains difficult, due to the lack of generally applicable similarity metrics.

A spatio-temporal reference model of the aging brain.

Both normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) cause morphological changes of the brain. It is generally difficult to distinguish these two causes of morphological change by visual inspection of magnetic resonance (MR) images. To facilitate making this distinction and thus aid the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders, we propose a method for developing a spatio-temporal model of morphological differences in the brain due to normal aging.

White matter lesions relate to tract-specific reductions in functional connectivity.

White matter lesions play a role in cognitive decline and dementia. One presumed pathway is through disconnection of functional networks. Little is known about location-specific effects of lesions on functional connectivity.

PCA-based groupwise image registration for quantitative MRI.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) is a technique for estimating quantitative tissue properties, such as the T1 and T2 relaxation times, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and various perfusion measures. This estimation is achieved by acquiring multiple images with different acquisition parameters (or at multiple time points after injection of a contrast agent) and by fitting a qMRI signal model to the image intensities. Image registration is often necessary to compensate for misalignments due to subject motion and/or geometric distortions caused by the acquisition.

Antibiotic monotherapy with meropenem in the surgical management of intra-abdominal infections.

In an open, multicentre, randomised study, the efficacy and safety of meropenem monotherapy as adjuvant antibiotic therapy in the surgical management of intra-abdominal infection was compared with that of the combination of cefotaxime and metronidazole. A total of 160 hospitalised adult patients with intra-abdominal infection requiring surgery were treated intravenously with either meropenem 1 g every 8 h (by bolus injection or infusion; n = 77) or cefotaxime 2 g and metronidazole 500 mg every 8 h (n = 83). Clinical and bacteriological responses to antibiotic therapy were assessed at the end of treatment and at 2-4 weeks' follow-up after treatment.

The influence of splenectomy on infective morbidity after colonic and splenic injuries.

Objective: To establish the incidence of early postoperative infections after civilian injuries to the spleen, colon, or both and assess the effect of splenectomy on outcome.

Design: Retrospective study of case notes.

Setting: University hospital.

Surgical intervention for regional complications of chronic pancreatitis.

In a five year review of 648 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 446 (68.8%) were documented with regional complications consisting of biliary, duodenal or colonic obstruction, pseudocysts, haemorrhage, pancreatic ascites and gastric varices. Although the majority could be treated conservatively, surgical intervention was needed in 129 patients (28.

Treatment of persistent and complicated pancreatic pseudocysts.

In a review of 1895 patients admitted with pancreatitis during a 4-year period, 241 (12.7%) were identified as having pseudocysts. The majority of these were treated without operation, but 59 patients (24.

Chronic pancreatitis with biliary obstruction.

In a 4-year review of 509 patients with chronic pancreatitis, the incidence of clinically manifest fixed common bile duct (CBD) stenosis was 9% (45 patients). In 76% this was alcohol related, and pancreatic calcification was present in 51%. All patients presented with unrelenting jaundice and five (11%) had cholangitis.

Prospective study of the yield of physical examination compared with chest radiography in penetrating thoracic trauma.

A prospective study was conducted on 102 patients (84 male), with a median age of 27 years, who had sustained a penetrating chest wound to evaluate the ability of physical examination in comparison with chest radiography to determine management of these injuries. Knife wounds accounted for 92% of the injuries. Fifty three patients had a small collection of air or fluid in their pleural cavity that was not drained.

Resting metabolic rate of esophageal carcinoma patients: a model for energy expenditure measurement in a homogenous cancer population.

In cancer patients controversy exists as to the nature of changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and their contribution to cachexia. This study describes the fasting indirect calorimetry, and nutritional measurements made on a homogeneous group of Black patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. It compares them with a reference group.

Prophylactic parenteral cefuroxime: subcutaneous concentrations in laparotomy wounds.

Plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue cefuroxime concentrations were measured in laparotomy wounds, by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography, in 12 patients undergoing elective abdominal operations. After intravenous administration of 1.5 g cefuroxime at induction of anaesthesia, the measured concentrations in serum and wound tissue during a 2 h period were above the MIC 90 of most micro-organisms derived from the alimentary tract.

Pitfalls in the management of penetrating chest trauma.

A prospective study designed specifically to analyze errors in management and iatrogenic complications was conducted on 234 consecutive patients with penetrating chest trauma. Eleven percent of penetrating pleural injuries were incorrectly diagnosed on initial physical and radiologic examination, but this led to wrong management decisions in only 4 percent. Decisions regarding intercostal tube drainage were particularly inaccurate when emergency intubation was required prior to chest radiography.

Reliability of physical examination in penetrating chest injuries.

The decision to insert an intercostal drain in chest injury must occasionally be made without a chest radiograph. A prospective analysis of the reliability of physical examination in penetrating pleural injuries was undertaken. A total of 51 consecutive patients were examined before obtaining a chest radiograph.

Management of severe intra-abdominal sepsis: single agent antibiotic therapy with cefotetan versus combination therapy with ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole.

In a prospective, randomized trial involving 100 patients with severe intra-abdominal sepsis, the value of single agent antibiotic therapy with cefotetan was compared with that of combination therapy of ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole (AGM). All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy. The mortality rate was 3 per cent, all deaths occurring within 48 h of operation.

Perforation of gastric squamous carcinoma metachronous to laryngeal carcinoma: metastatic in origin?

The local and regional spread of squamous cancer of the head and neck is well described. We report a possible unusual pattern of spread from a primary laryngeal carcinoma, which presented as gastric perforation.