Dapagliflozin improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through SIRT1 activation induced by nutrient deprivation state.

Lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial damage impair insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protects mitochondria and activates under energy restriction. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) is an antihyperglycaemic agent that belongs to the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Photothermal-Induced Electrochemical Interfacial Region Regulation Enables Signal Amplification for Dual-Mode Detection of Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers.

Detection sensitivity of an electrochemical immunosensor mainly depends on the accessible distance toward the sensing interface; regulating the electrochemical interfacial region thereon is an effective strategy for signal amplification. Herein, a photothermal-regulated sensing interface was designed based on a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive hydrogel probe for ultrasensitive detection of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4). Silver nanoparticle-deposited graphene oxide nanosheet (AgNPs@GO) hybrids as electrochemical signal tags and a photothermal transducer, which were encapsulated in the poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogel, were used to develop the NIR-responsive GO@AgNPs-pNIPAM hydrogel probe.

Berberine Slows the Progression of Prediabetes to Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats by Enhancing Intestinal Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 and Improving the Gut Microbiota.

Background: Berberine is a plant alkaloid that has multiple beneficial effects against intestine inflammation. In our previous study, we have found that berberine also possesses an antidiabetic effect. However, whether berberine is useful in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through its effect on intestine endocrine function and gut microbiota is unclear.

Dual-readout proximity hybridization-regulated and photothermally amplified protein analysis based on MXene nanosheets.

Herein, an ingenious dual-readout sensing platform based on a proximity hybridization-regulated strategy is proposed for protein detection. For the first time, TiC MXene@thionine composites (MXene@Thi) with an excellent photothermal effect not only acted as an amplifier to enhance the electrochemical signal, but were also used as a converter to achieve the temperature readout.

Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide by Inhibiting the p-Benzenediboronic Acid-Triggered Assembly of Citrate-Capped Au/Ag Nanoparticles on Electrode Surface.

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique physicochemical attributes for creating effective recognition and transduction processes in chem/bio-sensing. In this work, we suggested that citrate-capped Au/Ag NPs could be used as the reporters for the design of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensors with a simple manipulation principle and an easy detection procedure. Specifically, -benzenediboronic acid (BDBA) induced the aggregation of citrate-capped Au NPs through the cross-linking reaction between citrate and boronic acid of BDBA in solution.

Effects of metformin and sitagliptin on glycolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats on different diets.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of metformin and sitagliptin on glycolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes after different diets.

Material And Methods: Seventy Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with a high fat diet followed by streptozotocin treatment to induce type 2 diabetes. Then all rats were randomly divided into a control group, a metformin group (200 mg/kg), and a sitagliptin group (10 mg/kg).

Glucagon secretion is increased in patients with Type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Aims: Currently little is known about the relationship between renal function, albuminuria and glucagon; we analyzed the secretion of glucagon (GLA) and C-peptide in Type 2 diabetic patients with different degrees of nephropathy.

Methods: 357 patients with Type 2 diabetes including 119 cases without nephropathy and 238 cases with nephropathy were divided into four groups according to the stages of diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetic nephropathy were further classified according to the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Tumor FOXP3 represses the expression of long noncoding RNA 7SL.

The long noncoding RNA 7SL was over-expressed in tumor cells to promote cell growth through repressing translation of P53. However, the regulatory mechanism of 7SL remains to be defined. FOXP3 was identified as a suppressor in several tumors in addition to be a marker of regulatory T cells.

[Association between retinopathy and sleep disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To explore the association between retinopathy and sleep disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 440 patients with T2DM treated from July 2011 to July 2013 in Metabolic Disease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were divided into 2 groups according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: non-sleep disorder group (258 cases) and sleep disorder group (182 cases). Biochemical parameters including hepatorenal function, blood lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine and hemorrheology were detected.

[Association between sleep disorder and osteoporosis in elderly female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To explore the association between sleep disorder and osteoporosis in elderly female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 536 elderly female T2DM patients from July 2011 to July 2014 were divided into two groups of patients without sleep disorder and those with sleep disorder based upon the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The bone mineral density of femoral neck, Wards triangle, greater trochanter and lumbar spines (L2-L4) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

RNA-binding residues prediction using structural features.

Background: RNA-protein complexes play an essential role in many biological processes. To explore potential functions of RNA-protein complexes, it's important to identify RNA-binding residues in proteins.

Results: In this work, we propose a set of new structural features for RNA-binding residue prediction.

[Association between sleep disorders and dawn phenomenon in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To explore the association between sleep disorders and dawn phenomenon in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: From July 2011 to July 2014 at Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 316 T2DM patients on continuous glucose monitoring were divided into two groups according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, i.e.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 4b/a polymorphism and the risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.

Many studies have accessed the association between eNOS-4b/a polymorphism and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) among type 2 diabetic subjects. However, the results are conflicting and inconclusive. The aim of current meta-analysis was to more precisely estimate the relationship.

Association between eNOS 4b/a polymorphism and the risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.

Many studies have assessed the association between eNOS-4b/a polymorphism and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among type 2 diabetic subjects. However, the results are inconsistent. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the association, a meta-analysis was conducted.

Effects of 24-week treatment with acarbose on glucagon-like peptide 1 in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients: a preliminary report.

Background: Treatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI) acarbose is associated with a significant reduction the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the underlying mechanisms of this effect are unclear. AGIs were recently suggested to participate in stimulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion.

[Research on the effect of statins on insulin secretion from pancreatic islet in rats and its mechanisms].

Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of statins on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of pancreatic islet in rat and to explore its mechanisms.

Methods: According to the average volume, freshly isolated or 24-hour cultured pancreatic islets were randomly divided into control group (incubated with Kreb-Ringer bicarbonate buffer), the atorvastatin group (incubated with 100 µmol/L atorvastatin), the fluvastatin group (incubated with 100 µmol/L fluvastatin) and the pravastatin group (incubated with 100 µmol/L pravastatin). Stimulated by 2.