Impact of Admission Imaging Findings on Neurological Outcomes in Acute Cervical Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Variable and unpredictable spontaneous recovery can occur after acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). Despite the critical clinical and interventional trial planning implications of this tSCI feature, baseline measures to predict neurologic recovery accurately are not well defined. In this study, we used data derived from 99 consecutive patients (78 male, 21 female) with acute cervical tSCIs to assess the sensitivity and specificity of various clinical and radiological factors in predicting recovery at one year after injury.

Emergency medical services (EMS) versus non-EMS transport among injured children in the United States.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the proportions of injured children transported to trauma centers by different transportation modes and evaluate the effect of transportation mode on inter-facility transfer rates using the US national trauma registry.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2007-2012 National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) to study trends of EMS versus non-EMS transport. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between transport mode and inter-facility transfer.

Road traffic crashes among farm vehicle drivers in southern China: A cross-sectional survey.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and potential risk factors of farm vehicle-related road traffic crashes among farm vehicle drivers in southern China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to interview 1,422 farm vehicle drivers in southern China. Farm vehicle-related road traffic crashes that occurred from December 2013 to November 2014 were investigated.

Epidemiologic characteristics, knowledge and risk factors of unintentional burns in rural children in Zunyi, Southwest China.

We investigated the knowledge level and risk factors for pediatric unintentional burns in rural Southwest China with an aim to provide basic evidence for the prevention strategies. A stratified sampling method was used to recruit 1842 rural children from 9 schools. Self-reported burns during the past 12 months and relevant risk factors were collected by questionnaires.

Unintentional injuries in children with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Children with disabilities are thought to have an increased risk of unintentional injuries, but quantitative syntheses of findings from previous studies have not been done. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether pre-existing disability can increase the risk of unintentional injuries among children when they are compared to children without disability. We searched 13 electronic databases to identify original research published between 1 January 1990 and 28 February 2013.

Exercise Treadmills: A Cause of Significant Hand Burns in Young Children.

A pediatric nurse practitioner and an occupational therapist were impressed by the number and severity of treadmill-related hand burns encountered in their outpatient burn clinic. They observed that treadmill burns appeared to be deeper compared with other contact hand burns. Literature review revealed that research was inadequate in this area.

Soccer-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments: 1990-2014.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of youth soccer-related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of soccer-related injuries among children 7 through 17 years of age from 1990 through 2014 with data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Injury rates were calculated from soccer participation data.

Traumatic Brain Injuries Associated With Consumer Products at Home Among US Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age.

This study investigated the epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occurring to young children, associated with consumer products at home in the United States. Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were analyzed. There were an estimated 2 292 896 (95% CI = 1 707 891-2 877 900) children <5 years of age treated in US emergency departments for a TBI associated with a consumer product at home during 1991-2012, which equals an annual average of 104 223 (95% CI = 77 631-130 814) children.

Evaluation of nurse accuracy in rating procedural pain among pediatric burn patients using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale.

Background: Accurate pain assessment is essential for proper analgesia during medical procedures in pediatric patients. The Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale has previously been shown to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing pediatric procedural pain in research labs. However, no study has investigated how rater factors (gender, number of dressing changes performed/week, burn history, having children, nursing experience, stress at home/work) and patient factors (pain intensity) affect the accuracy of FLACC ratings for procedural pain when implemented by bedside care providers.

Inter-facility transfer of pediatric burn patients from U.S. Emergency Departments.

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of pediatric burn patients seen in U.S. emergency departments (EDs) and to determine factors associated with inter-facility transfer.

Unmeasured Confounding in Observational Studies with Multiple Treatment Arms: Comparing Emergency Department Mortality of Severe Trauma Patients by Trauma Center Level.

Comparing emergency department mortality across different levels of trauma care (nontrauma centers, level I and II centers) is important in evaluating regionalized care. Patient population characteristics differ across different levels of trauma care and it is essential to adjust for baseline covariates to make valid comparisons. Propensity score matching has been established as a more robust method to infer causal relationship in observational studies than conventional regression adjustment.

Resource use in pediatric blunt and penetrating trauma.

Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality with significant patient and economic impacts that necessitate constant study. Significant differences in outcomes and resource use exist between blunt and penetrating mechanisms.

Methods: The National Trauma Data Bank was analyzed for patients aged 0-18 y with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision injury codes for blunt and penetrating trauma from 2007-2012.

Concussion Characteristics in High School Football by Helmet Age/Recondition Status, Manufacturer, and Model: 2008-2009 Through 2012-2013 Academic Years in the United States.

Background: Football helmets used by high school athletes in the United States should meet the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment performance standards. Despite differences in interior padding and exterior shells, all football helmets should provide comparable protection against concussions. Yet, debate continues on whether differences in the rates or severity of concussions exist based on helmet age/recondition status, manufacturer, or model.

Computerized "Learn-As-You-Go" classification of traumatic brain injuries using NEISS narrative data.

One important routine task in injury research is to effectively classify injury circumstances into user-defined categories when using narrative text. However, traditional manual processes can be time consuming, and existing batch learning systems can be difficult to utilize by novice users. This study evaluates a "Learn-As-You-Go" machine-learning program.

Pesticide poisoning and neurobehavioral function among farm workers in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

Pesticides remain an integral part of agricultural activities worldwide. Although there have been a number of studies over the last two decades concerning the adverse effects of pesticide poisoning and chronic long term exposures on neurobehavioral function, the impact of recent pesticide poisoning and long term pesticide exposure on neurobehavioral function in Chinese farm workers has not been reported. China is the largest user of pesticides worldwide and figures suggest 53,300-123,000 Chinese people are poisoned every year.

Dental injuries sustained by high school athletes in the United States, from 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 academic years.

Background/aim: Risk of dental injuries is present in a variety of sports. Mouthguards are effective yet underutilized. This study aimed to estimate the rate of dental injuries among high school athletes and investigate the utilization of mouthguards across multiple high school sports.

Trauma with Injury Severity Score of 75: Are These Unsurvivable Injuries?

Trauma patients with an ISS=75 have been deliberately excluded from some trauma studies because they were assumed to have "unsurvivable injuries." This study aimed to assess the true mortality among patients with an ISS=75, and to examine the characteristics and primary diagnoses of these patients. Retrospective review of the 2006-2010 U.

Comparative study of ED mortality risk of US trauma patients treated at level I and level II vs nontrauma centers.

Background: Prior studies of undertriage have not made comparisons across multiple trauma levels.

Methods: Emergency department data was extracted from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for major trauma patients. We considered patients with moderate injuries (Injury Severity Score, ISS=16-24) and severe injuries (ISS=25-75) separately.

Needlestick and Sharps Injuries Among Nurses at a Teaching Hospital in China.

Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) are a major occupational injury to health care workers worldwide. This study aimed to report the prevalence and risk factors of NSIs among nurses working at a Chinese teaching hospital. From 463 nurses, 402 completed questionnaires were obtained.