Photothermally Reinforced Nanozyme Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment of Redox and Metabolic Homeostasis to Enhance Ferroptosis in Tumor Therapy.

The acidity and high GSH level in the tumor microenvironment (TME) greatly limit the antitumor activity of nanozymes. Thus, enhancing nanozymes' activity is fundamentally challenging in tumor therapy. Although the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and nanozymes can enhance the catalytic activity, cancer cells will overexpress heat shock proteins (HSPs) at high temperature, aggravating the heat resistance of tumor cells, which in turn compromises the outcome of chemodynamic therapy.

Combating Atherosclerosis with Chirality/Phase Dual-Engineered Nanozyme Featuring Microenvironment-Programmed Senolytic and Senomorphic Actions.

Senescence plays a critical role in the development and progression of various diseases. This study introduces an amorphous, high-entropy alloy (HEA)-based nanozyme designed to combat senescence. By adjusting the nanozyme's composition and surface properties, this work analyzes its catalytic performance under both normal and aging conditions, confirming that peroxide and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity are crucial for its anti-aging therapeutic function.

Ligand Phase Separation-Promoted, "Squeezing-Out" Mode Explaining the Mechanism and Implications of Neutral Nanoparticles That Escaped from Lysosomes.

Neutral nanomaterials functionalized with PEG or similar molecules have been popularly employed as nanomedicines. Compared to positive counterparts that are capable of harnessing the well-known proton sponge effect to facilitate their escape from lysosomes, it is yet unclear how neutral substances got their entry into the cytosol. In this study, by taking PEGylated, neutral Au nanospheres as an example, we systematically investigated their time-dependent translocation postuptake.

Worker-Born Males Are Smaller but Have Similar Reproduction Ability to Queen-Born Males in Bumblebees.

Queen-worker conflict over the reproduction of males exists in the majority of haplodiplioidy hymenpteran species such as bees, wasps, and ants, whose workers lose mating ability but can produce haploid males in colony. Bumblebee is one of the representatives of primitively eusocial insects with plastic division labor and belongs to monandrous and facultative low polyandry species that have reproductive totipotent workers, which are capable of competing with mother queen to produce haploid males in the queenright colony compared to higher eusocial species, e.g.

Embedding constructed refractive index graded antireflective coating with high abrasion resistance and environmental stability for polycarbonate glass.

Polycarbonate (PC) is a durable and transparent optical plastic material commonly used as shatter-resistant alternative to traditional optical glass. Broadband antireflective (AR) coatings with excellent mechanical strength and environmental stability are essential for PC to achieve high light transmission and visual quality. In this work, chloroform vapor treatment was employed to partially embed the silica coating into the PC substrate for adhesion enhancement, which also divided the silica coating layer into bottom and middle layers with different refractive indices.

Factors Influencing the Reproductive Ability of Male Bees: Current Knowledge and Further Directions.

Bumblebees and honeybees are very important pollinators and play a vital role in agricultural and natural ecosystems. The quality of their colonies is determined by the queens and the reproductive drones of mother colonies, and mated drones transmit semen, including half of the genetic materials, to queens and enhance their fertility. Therefore, factors affecting drone fecundity will also directly affect progeny at the colony level.

De Novo Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Ecological Adaptation of High-Altitude .

is one of the most abundant bumblebee species in China, with a distribution range of very varied geomorphology and vegetation, which makes it an ideal pollinator species for research into high-altitude adaptation. Here, we sequenced and assembled transcriptomes of from the low-altitude North China Plain and the high-altitude Tibet Plateau. Subsequent comparative analysis of de novo transcriptomes from the high- and low-altitude groups identified 675 common upregulated genes (DEGs) in the high-altitude .

Structural and Functional Analysis of PGRP-LC Indicates Exclusive Dap-Type PGN Binding in Bumblebees.

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) play an important role in the defense against invading microbes via the recognition of the immunogenic substance peptidoglycan (PGN). Bees possess fewer PGRPs than and but retain two important immune pathways, the Toll pathway and the Imd pathway, which can be triggered by the recognition of Dap-type PGN by PGRP-LCx with the assistance of PGRP-LCa in . There are three isoforms of PGRP-LC including PGRP-LCx, PGRP-LCa and PGRP-LCy in .

Low-Temperature Preparation of Mechanically Robust and Contamination-Resistant Antireflective Coatings for Flexible Polymeric Glasses via Embedding of Silica Nanoparticles and HMDS Modification.

Mechanical and contamination-resistant properties are the most crucial and challenging issues that impede the practical applications of sol-gel antireflective (AR) coating. In this paper, we report a low-temperature vapor surface treatment strategy for the partial embedding and surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) on flexible polymeric glass substrates. SNPs, which were synthesized via the Stöber method, were partially embedded into the polymeric glass substrates by vapor-phase surface treatment using volatile chloroform.

Surface free energy and microstructure dependent environmental stability of sol-gel SiO antireflective coatings: Effect of combined vapor phase surface treatment.

Environmental stability is of great interest for sol-gel porous antireflective (AR) coatings. In this work, sol-gel silica AR coatings with excellent environmental stability were prepared via ammonia vapor treatment (AVT) combined with organosilane (hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) or hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HTMS)) vapor treatment. The surface free energy (SFE) of the coatings treated with different approaches was estimated through Owens-Wendt method combined with Wenzel equation from the contact angles of water, glycerol and diiodomethane.

Sol-Gel Preparation of Laser Damage Resistant and Moisture-Proof Antireflective Coatings for KDP Crystals.

Surface fogging induced degradation has been a bottleneck problem in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals due to they are grown from aqueous solution. In this paper, we developed a facile method to prepare a double-layer antireflective coating with moisture-proof and laser damage resistant properties for KDP crystals. The bottom layer was a poly siloxane coating with dense structure and silanol side groups, while the top layer was a hexamethyl-disilazane (HMDS) modified nanoporous SiO coating.