Garlic-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Enhance Gut Homeostasis in Stressed Piglets: Involvement of Modulation and Indole-3-propionic Acid Induction.

The occurrence of pediatric diarrhea is frequently associated with inflammatory responses, compromised barrier function, and dysbiosis in the gut. These conditions are commonly triggered by stressors, similar to postweaning diarrhea observed in piglets. Garlic-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) hold the potential for ameliorating stress-induced diarrhea, yet supporting evidence remains scarce.

Occurrence and migration of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in food packaging materials: Effects of plastic types and storage temperature.

Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in food packaging materials to extend product shelf life. Not much attention has been paid to high molecular weight SPAs (HMW SPAs) so far, despite their potential health risks. In this study, we first analyzed the concentrations of ten HMW SPAs in food plastic packaging materials (including 6 plastic categories, n = 116).

Phage-displayed heptapeptide sequence conjugation significantly improves the specific targeting ability of antimicrobial peptides against .

Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs often lack specificity, leading to indiscriminate bactericidal activity, which can disrupt the normal microbial balance of the host flora and cause unnecessary cytotoxicity during systemic administration. In this study, we constructed a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide against by introducing a phage-displayed peptide onto a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide and explored its structure-function relationship through one-factor modification. SFK2 obtained by screening based on the selectivity index and the targeting index showed specific killing ability against .

An Isofibrous Diet with Fiber Konjac Glucomannan Ameliorates -Induced Colonic Injury by Regulating TLR2-NF-κB Signaling and Intestinal Microbiota in Mice.

This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary konjac glucomannan (KGM) could alleviate -induced colitis by modulating intestinal microbiota. Mice were fed an isocaloric and isofibrous diet supplemented with either 7% KGM or cellulose and were treated with 5 × 10 CFU of . The results showed that KGM had an average molecular weight of 936 kDa and predominantly consisted of mannose and glucose at a molar ratio of 1:1.

Exposure to the environmental pollutant chlorpyrifos induces hepatic toxicity through activation of the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways.

Chlorpyrifos (CHP) is an inexpensive highly effective organophosphate insecticide used worldwide. The unguided and excessive use of CHP by farmers has led to its significant accumulation in crops as well as contamination of water sources, causing health problems for humans and animals. Therefore, this study evaluated the toxicological effects of exposure to the environmental pollutant CHP at low, medium, and high (2.

Chlorpyrifos induces placental oxidative stress and barrier dysfunction by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis through the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide that is widely used in agricultural production and residential environments worldwide. In this study, we determined the harmful effects and toxicological mechanism of CPF in porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cells and the placenta of female mice during pregnancy. The findings revealed that CPF significantly decreased cell viability and increased intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in pTr cells.

Design of High-Selectivity Co-Assembled Peptide Nanofibers against Bacterial Infection in Piglets.

Antibiotic resistance is an escalating global health concern that could result in tens of millions of deaths annually from drug-resistant bacterial infections in the future, especially in animal husbandry. Peptide antibacterial nanomaterials offer a competitive alternative to antibiotics because of their distinct mechanism of physically penetrating pathogenic biological membranes. This study developed amphiphilic co-assembled peptide nanofibers with high biological selectivity (PCBP-NCAP NFs) to overcome the high cytotoxicity of peptide PCBP and the low antibacterial activity of peptide NCAP.

pH-Triggered Size-Transformable and Bioactivity-Switchable Self-Assembling Chimeric Peptide Nanoassemblies for Combating Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Biofilms.

Drug-resistant bacteria and biofilm-associated infections are prominent problems in the field of antibacterial medicine, seriously affecting human and animal health. Despite the great potential of nanomaterials in the antibacterial field, overcoming the paradox of size and charge, efficient penetration, and retention within biofilms remain a formidable challenge. Here, self-assembling chimeric peptide nanoassemblies composed of multiple functional fragments are designed for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria and biofilm-associated infections.

Chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates and removes the toxicological effects of organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos residues.

The abuse of chlorpyrifos (CHP), a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide, has caused many environmental pollution problems, especially its toxicological effects on non-target organisms. First, CHP enriched on the surface of plants enters ecosystem circulation along the food chain. Second, direct inflow of CHP into the water environment under the action of rainwater runoff inevitably causes toxicity to non-target organisms.

Hydrophobic modification improves the delivery of cell-penetrating peptides to eliminate intracellular pathogens in animals.

Infections induced by intracellular pathogens are difficult to eradicate due to poor penetration of antimicrobials into cell membranes. It is of great importance to develop a new generation of antibacterial agents with dual functions of efficient cell penetration and bacterial inhibition. In this study, the association between hydrophobicity and cell-penetrating peptide delivery efficiency was investigated by fragment interception and hydrophobicity modification of natural porcine antimicrobial peptide PR-39 and the combination of cationic cell-penetrating peptide (R6) with antimicrobial peptide fragments modified with hydrophobic residues.

Roles of stress response-related signaling and its contribution to the toxicity of zearalenone in mammals.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin frequently found in cereal crops and cereal-derived foodstuffs worldwide. It affects plant productivity, and is also a serious hazard to humans and animals if being exposed to food/feed contaminated by ZEA. Studies over the last decade have shown that the toxicity of ZEA in animals is mainly mediated by the various stress responses, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and others.

Designing Self-Assembling Chimeric Peptide Nanoparticles with High Stability for Combating Piglet Bacterial Infections.

As a novel type of antibiotic alternative, peptide-based antibacterial drug shows potential application prospects attributable to their unique mechanism for lysing the membrane of pathogenic bacteria. However, peptide-based antibacterial drugs suffer from a series of problems, most notably their immature stability, which seriously hinders their application. In this study, self-assembling chimeric peptide nanoparticles (which offer excellent stability in the presence of proteases and salts) are constructed and applied to the treatment of bacterial infections.

Response of the nuclear xenobiotic receptors to alleviate glyphosate-based herbicide-induced nephrotoxicity in weaned piglets.

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are widely used worldwide. Glyphosate (GLP) is the main active component of GBHs. The presence of GBH residues in the environment has led to the exposure of animals to GBHs, but the mechanisms of GBH-induced nephrotoxicity are not clear.

Effects of glyphosate-based herbicide-contaminated diets on reproductive organ toxicity and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis hormones in weaned piglets.

At present, glyphosate (GLP) is the most produced and used herbicide in the world. With the large-scale use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), their toxic effects on animals and plants have increasingly become a concern. Based on the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CODEX) dose (20 mg kg) and the dose set by the government (40 mg kg), four experimental groups in which Roundup® (R) herbicide was added to the feed of weaned piglets at GLP concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg were designed.

An Early Fecal Microbiota Transfer Improves the Intestinal Conditions on Microflora and Immunoglobulin and Antimicrobial Peptides in Piglets.

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of early fecal microbial transfer (FMT) on the microflora of recipient piglets, where Yorkshire newborn piglets and Min sows (an indigenous pig breed in China) were used as the fecal recipients and donors, respectively, to reveal the changes in immunity and development-related functions of the intestinal mucosa driven by FMT. The recipient group was inoculated with fecal microbial fluids from days 1 to 10. On day 21, the relative abundance of the was reduced; the concentrations of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the jejunal mucosa, and that of IgG in the ileal mucosa of the recipient group, were increased ( < 0.

Toxicity of glyphosate in feed for weanling piglets and the mechanism of glyphosate detoxification by the liver nuclear receptor CAR/PXR pathway.

Glyphosate (GLP), the most widely used and productive pesticide worldwide, which safety and reliability gradually become a social concern. It is important to explore the toxic of GLP on the limitation level by governments on piglets and the potential role of hepatic CAR/PXR and Keap1-Nrf2 pathways in low levels of glyphosate detoxification. Compared with the control group, the production performance and organ index of GLP group showed no significant change.

Toxic effects of glyphosate on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and barrier function in weaned piglets.

At present, the public is paying more attention to the adverse effects of pesticides on human and animal health and the environment. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum pesticide that is widely used in agricultural production. In this manuscript, the effects of diets containing glyphosate on intestinal morphology, intestinal immune factors, intestinal antioxidant capacity and the mRNA expression associated with the Nrf2 signaling pathway were investigated in weaned piglets.

Effects of different emulsifiers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weanling pigs1.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets supplemented with sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL), polyglycerol fatty acid ester (PGFE), and combined emulsifiers (0.02% SSL and 0.08% PGFE) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and plasma lipid profiles in weaned piglets and to further evaluate the possible effects of feeding exogenous emulsifiers on digestive enzyme activities and liver bile acid (BA) metabolism.