Metabolic Activity of Invasive Apple Snails Negatively Affects the Survival of Native Benthic Snail in Mangrove.

The golden apple snail (GAS, ) has invaded mangrove forests. The effect of water contaminated by metabolic activity of GAS feeding on (T1), (T2), and without food (CK) on the native mangrove black helmet snail (BHS, ) was investigated under salinity conditions. The GAS deteriorated saline water quality (2.