Photoinduced Vitamin-B-Catalyzed -C-H Bromination/Chlorination of Phenol Derivatives Assisted by a U-Shaped Nitrile Template.

A photoinduced vitamin-B-catalyzed -C-H bromination/chlorination of phenol derivatives was established using a nitrile directing template and -bromosuccinimide (NBS)/-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) as halogenated reagents, and a series of -bromination/chlorination products were obtained in yields of 51 to 80%. This strategy overcame the selectivity problem of phenols, which have difficulty obtaining -products through conventional electrophilic reactions. Furthermore, natural product resveratrol and an intermediate of the γ-secretase inhibitor were successfully synthesized, which demonstrates the practicability of this method.

Follicle-stimulating hormone and blood lead levels with bone mineral density and the risk of fractures in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Background: The conclusions on the associations of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and blood lead levels with bone mineral density (BMD) were controversial. Furthermore, little was known on the impacts of co-existence of serum FSH and blood lead levels on BMD and the risk of fractures in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the associations of serum FSH and blood lead levels with BMD and the risk of fractures in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

The non-linear associations of serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels with bone mineral density and the risk of osteoporosis during menopausal transition: an analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.

Purpose: To explore the non-linear associations of serum FSH levels with BMD and the risk of osteoporosis in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods: Data analyzed in this study were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and the NHANES from 1999 to 2002. Women aged from 35 to 60 years with complete data of serum FSH levels and BMD were eligible.

Visible-Light-Induced Acylative Coupling of Benzoic Acid Derivatives with Alkenes to Dihydrochalcones.

A strategy was developed for the visible-light-induced photocatalytic synthesis of dihydrochalcone via the deoxygenation and coupling of benzoic acid derivatives with alkenes using diphenyl sulfide as the O-transfer reagent. Under mild photoredox conditions, a series of dihydrochalcone derivatives were produced in moderate to good yields. A mechanism for the visible-light-induced free-radical coupling was proposed on the basis of the control experiments.

Visible light-induced deoxygenation/cyclization of salicylic acid derivatives and aryl acetylene for the synthesis of flavonoids.

A visible-light-induced photocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of flavonoids has been developed through the deoxygenative/cyclization reaction of salicylic acid derivatives with aryl acetylene using diphenyl sulfide as an O-transfer reagent. Based on the controlled experiments, the mechanism of visible-light-induced free radical coupling cyclization was proposed. The protocol obtained 51 flavonoids in good yields and has been successfully applied to the synthesis of some natural flavones.

Association of Common Genetic Variants in Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase 4 with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Han Population.

Background: A study has identified several novel susceptibility variants of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within the German population. Among the variants, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MAP4K4 (rs1003376, rs11674694, rs2236935, rs2236936, and rs6543087) showed significant association with T2DM or diabetes-related quantitative traits. We aimed to evaluate whether common SNPs in the MAP4K4 gene were associated with T2DM in the Chinese population.

Association between UBE2E2 variant rs7612463 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese Han population.

UBE2E2 encodes ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E2, which plays an important role in the synthesis and secretion of insulin. Two previous studies indicated that SNPs in UBE2E2 were associated with risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Japanese and Korean populations, respectively. We examined the association of one SNP in this gene, rs7612463, with the risk of T2DM in 1957 Han participants in northeastern China, using an SNPscan(TM) Kit.